Una storia comune

La costruzione europea non è cominciata nel 1950. Questo filo unisce l’eredità antica, la matrice giudaico-cristiana e l’Unione contemporanea.

Confrontare due paesi

326 eventi

3600 a.C. primo riferimento

46 paesi rappresentati

0 già discussi

Densità degli eventi

Un secolo per barra prima del 1500, poi un decennio: gli archivi non si distribuiscono in modo uniforme.

Grecia antica Alto Medioevo Rinascimento Illuminismo Concerto europeo Costruzione europea Roma Basso Medioevo Riforma e guerre di religione Età delle rivoluzioni Guerre mondiali Guerra fredda

1870 1924 1979

Azzera i filtri

60 eventi

1850 1874

Concerto europeo 1 evento

1873 Evento Età moderna Lettonia

First song festival

Dozens of choirs gather in Riga: song becomes the nation’s political expression.

1875 1899

Concerto europeo 4 eventi

1878 Trattato Età moderna Bulgaria

Treaty of Berlin

An autonomous Bulgarian principality is reborn after the Russo-Turkish war.

1878 Evento Età moderna Montenegro

Independence of Montenegro recognised

The Congress of Berlin confirms a state the Ottomans had never fully subdued.

1878 Evento Età moderna Serbia

Independence of Serbia recognised

The Congress of Berlin confirms Serbian sovereignty after four Ottoman centuries.

1878 Evento Età moderna Bosnia ed Erzegovina

Austro-Hungarian administration

The Congress of Berlin entrusts Bosnia to Vienna, which annexes it in 1908.

1900 1924

Concerto europeo 20 eventi

1900 Evento Età moderna Austria

Vienna 1900

Freud, Klimt, Mahler, Wittgenstein: the capital becomes the laboratory of European modernity.

1903 Guerra Età moderna Macedonia del Nord

Ilinden Uprising

The revolt against the Ottomans becomes the founding reference of the Macedonian state.

1905 Evento Età moderna Norvegia Svezia

Independence of Norway

The union with Sweden is peacefully dissolved after a massive referendum.

1906 Evento Età moderna Finlandia

Universal suffrage

Finland is the first country in Europe to grant women both the vote and eligibility for office.

1910 Evento Età moderna Portogallo

Proclamation of the Republic in Portugal

The monarchy falls; the instability that follows will open the way to the Estado Novo.

1912 Evento Età moderna Albania

Independence of Albania

Proclaimed at Vlora on 28 November, at the end of the Balkan wars.

1914 Guerra Età contemporanea Serbia

Sarajevo assassination

The killing of the archduke sets off the chain reaction of the First World War.

1914 Evento Età contemporanea Belgio

Violation of neutrality

The German invasion brings the United Kingdom into the war and freezes the Yser front.

1916 Guerra Età contemporanea Irlanda

Easter Rising

The Dublin revolt, at first isolated, sets the independence process in motion.

1917 Evento Età contemporanea Finlandia

Independence of Finland

On 6 December Finland separates from revolutionary Russia.

1918 Evento Età moderna Romania

Greater Romania

Union with Transylvania and Bessarabia doubles the territory and population.

1918 Evento Età moderna Cechia

Birth of Czechoslovakia

Masaryk founds a parliamentary democracy that will remain unique in Central Europe.

1918 Evento Età moderna Lettonia

Proclamation of independence

On 18 November the Republic of Latvia is proclaimed in Riga.

1918 Evento Età moderna Estonia

Independence of Estonia

Proclaimed on 24 February, it is successfully defended in the war of liberation.

1918 Evento Età moderna Slovenia

Entry into Yugoslavia

The fall of Austria-Hungary brings Slovenia into the kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

1918 Evento Età moderna Moldavia Romania

Union with Romania

The Sfatul Țării votes for union, annulled by the USSR in 1940.

1918 Evento Età moderna Montenegro

End of the kingdom

Montenegro is absorbed into the kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

1920 Trattato Età moderna Ungheria

Treaty of Trianon

Hungary loses two-thirds of its territory; three million Magyars become minorities.

1923 Istituzione Età contemporanea Turchia

Founding of the Republic

Mustafa Kemal launches rapid Westernisation: Latin alphabet, Swiss civil code, secularism.

1923 Evento Età contemporanea Liechtenstein Svizzera

Customs union with Switzerland

The Swiss franc becomes official currency; Bern represents the principality abroad.

1925 1949

Guerre mondiali 14 eventi

1929 Evento Età contemporanea Città del Vaticano

Lateran Accords

Vatican City State is created; the Roman question is closed.

1932 Catastrofe Età contemporanea Ucraina

Holodomor

The famine engineered by Stalin kills millions; several states recognise it as genocide.

1939 Guerra Età contemporanea Polonia

Invasion and occupation

Invaded by Germany then the USSR, Poland loses nearly a fifth of its population.

1939 Guerra Età contemporanea Finlandia

Winter War

Facing Soviet invasion, Finnish resistance saves independence at the cost of Karelia.

1941 Guerra Età contemporanea Bielorussia

Occupation and destruction

A quarter of the population perishes; hundreds of villages are razed.

1942 Evento Età contemporanea Malta

George Cross

King George VI decorates the entire island for its endurance under bombardment.

1943 Evento Età contemporanea Danimarca

Rescue of the Danish Jews

In a few nights, more than 7,000 Jews are evacuated to neutral Sweden.

1943 Evento Età contemporanea Bulgaria

Rescue of the Bulgarian Jews

Under pressure from the Orthodox Church and parliamentarians, deportation is cancelled.

1944 Evento Età contemporanea Islanda

Proclamation of the Republic in Iceland

On 17 June, at Þingvellir, Iceland breaks the link with the Danish crown.

1944 Evento Età contemporanea San Marino

Sheltering refugees

The neutral republic houses more than 100,000 people, ten times its population.

1944 Evento Età contemporanea Paesi Bassi

Benelux customs union

Signed in London by the governments in exile, it prefigures the common market.

1944 Guerra Età contemporanea Slovacchia

Slovak National Uprising

One of the largest armed revolts against the Axis in occupied Europe.

1949 Testo Età contemporanea Germania

Bonn Basic Law

“Human dignity shall be inviolable”: Article 1 places the person — a Christian and humanist legacy — at the summit of the legal order.

1949 Istituzione Costruzione europea

Council of Europe

Ten states found in London the first European political organisation, matrix of the Convention on Human Rights.

1950 1974

Costruzione europea 21 eventi

1950 Testo Costruzione europea

Schuman Declaration

On 9 May France proposes placing coal and steel under a common authority. Community Europe is born of a material pooling.

1951 Trattato Costruzione europea

Treaty of Paris — ECSC

Six states create the European Coal and Steel Community, the continent’s first supranational institution.

1952 Guerra Costruzione europea Lussemburgo

Seat of the High Authority

Europe’s first supranational institution settles in Luxembourg.

1955 Trattato Età contemporanea Austria

Austrian State Treaty

The four powers withdraw; Austria proclaims perpetual neutrality.

1956 Guerra Età contemporanea Ungheria

Budapest uprising

The revolt is crushed by the Red Army; 200,000 Hungarians go into exile.

1957 Evento Costruzione europea

Treaties of Rome

The EEC and Euratom are established; the common market and the four freedoms are laid down.

1957 Testo Costruzione europea Belgio

The Spaak Report

Belgian Paul-Henri Spaak drafts the preparatory text of the Treaties of Rome.

1960 Evento Età contemporanea Cipro

Independence of Cyprus

The Republic of Cyprus is born of a compromise between Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

1962 Religione Età contemporanea Città del Vaticano

Second Vatican Council

The Church reforms its liturgy and redefines its relations with the modern world and Judaism.

1963 Trattato Costruzione europea Francia

Élysée Treaty

De Gaulle and Adenauer seal Franco-German reconciliation, the institutional engine of integration.

1963 Trattato Costruzione europea Turchia

Ankara Agreement

Association with the EEC explicitly envisages an accession perspective.

1963 Testo Costruzione europea

Van Gend en Loos judgment

The Court of Justice asserts direct effect: Community law creates rights for citizens themselves.

1964 Evento Età contemporanea Malta

Independence of Malta

Malta leaves the British Empire and becomes a republic ten years later.

1967 Evento Età contemporanea Albania

Religion banned

Albania proclaims itself the world’s first atheist state; churches and mosques are closed.

1968 Evento Età contemporanea Cechia

Prague Spring

“Socialism with a human face” is crushed by Warsaw Pact tanks in August.

1968 Evento Costruzione europea

Customs union

Internal tariffs disappear eighteen months ahead of schedule.

1969 Scoperta Età contemporanea Norvegia

Discovery of Ekofisk

North Sea oil transforms the economy and founds the Norwegian sovereign wealth fund.

1973 Evento Costruzione europea Danimarca

Accession of Denmark to the Communities

The first Nordic member, Denmark enters alongside the United Kingdom and Ireland.

1973 Evento Costruzione europea Irlanda

Accession of Ireland to the Communities

Ireland joins with the United Kingdom and begins its economic transformation.

1973 Evento Costruzione europea Regno Unito

Accession of the United Kingdom to the Communities

After two French vetoes, the United Kingdom enters the EEC with Denmark and Ireland.

1973 Evento Costruzione europea

First enlargement

Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom join the Communities, which grow from six to nine.