Cechia

Czech Republic

The continent's geographical heart, Bohemia was an imperial capital, cradle of the first Reformation and symbol of two European ruptures, 1968 and 1989.

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Eredità

Charles IV made Prague a new Rome: a Gothic cathedral, a stone bridge, a university founded in 1348 — the first east of the Rhine. Jan Hus anticipated Luther by a century. The Jewish quarter of Josefov, with its old cemetery and synagogues, is one of Europe's oldest surviving Jewish ensembles.

Storia

The duchy then kingdom of Bohemia integrated into the Holy Roman Empire while keeping a strong identity. Under Charles IV, emperor and king of Bohemia, fourteenth-century Prague became the Empire's capital and one of Europe's largest cities.

The preaching of Jan Hus, burned at Constance in 1415, triggered the Hussite wars: the first successful religious challenge to Rome. The defeat of White Mountain in 1620, by contrast, opened three centuries of Habsburg rule and recatholicisation.

Czechoslovakia was born in 1918, interwar Central Europe's only lasting democracy. Munich in 1938, the Prague coup of 1948, the Spring of 1968 and the Velvet Revolution of 1989 punctuate a century in which the country served as Europe's barometer. The amicable separation from Slovakia came in 1993.

Tappe

1348 Medioevo

Charles University

Charles IV founds Central Europe’s first university and makes Prague the capital of the Holy Roman Empire.

1415 Medioevo

Jan Hus burned at the stake

Condemned at Constance, the Czech reformer becomes a national martyr and a forerunner of Luther.

1620 Età moderna

Battle of White Mountain

Protestant defeat opens three centuries of Habsburg domination over Bohemia.

1918 Età moderna

Birth of Czechoslovakia

Masaryk founds a parliamentary democracy that will remain unique in Central Europe.

1968 Età contemporanea

Prague Spring

“Socialism with a human face” is crushed by Warsaw Pact tanks in August.

1989 Età contemporanea

Velvet Revolution

In a few weeks and without violence the regime falls; Václav Havel becomes president.

1989 Costruzione europea ne è stato toccato

Fall of the Berlin Wall

9 November opens German reunification and, in time, that of the continent.

1993 Età contemporanea

Velvet Divorce

Czechia and Slovakia separate peacefully on 1 January, a rare case in Europe.

2004 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

The big bang enlargement

Ten states, eight of them formerly communist, join the Union: the continent’s division ends.

Paesaggio politico

Risultati delle europee di giugno 2024 e loro traduzione in gruppi del Parlamento europeo.

ANO — ANO 2011 7
SPOLU — SPOLU — ODS, KDU-ČSL, TOP 09 6
Přísaha — Přísaha a Motoristé 2
Stačilo! — Stačilo! 2
STAN — Starostové a nezávislí 2
Piráti — Česká pirátská strana 1
SPD — Svoboda a přímá demokracie 1

Ripartizione dei seggi europei

Gruppo Patrioti per l'Europa 7
Gruppo del Partito Popolare Europeo (Democratico Cristiano) 6
Deputati non iscritti 2
Il Gruppo della Sinistra al Parlamento europeo — GUE/NGL 2
Gruppo Renew Europe 2
Gruppo dei Verdi/Alleanza libera europea 1
Gruppo Europa delle Nazioni Sovrane 1

Attualità collegate

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Lo Stato in cifre

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Debito pubblico, in % del PIL 44,1 % 0,1 % PIL per abitante (UE = 100) 92,5 2,1 Spesa pubblica, in % del PIL 42,9 % 0,8 % Pressione fiscale, in % del PIL 35,0 % 1,1 % Detenuti ogni 100 000 abitanti 178,3 2,5