681 Evento Medioevo Bulgaria
First Bulgarian Empire
Byzantium recognises a Bulgarian state south of the Danube: Europe’s oldest still-named Slavic state.
Una storia comune
La costruzione europea non è cominciata nel 1950. Questo filo unisce l’eredità antica, la matrice giudaico-cristiana e l’Unione contemporanea.
326
eventi
3600 a.C.
primo riferimento
46
paesi rappresentati
0
già discussi
Densità degli eventi
Un secolo per barra prima del 1500, poi un decennio: gli archivi non si distribuiscono in modo uniforme.
600 :
1 evento
700 :
3 eventi
800 :
2 eventi
900 :
6 eventi
1000 :
4 eventi
1100 :
4 eventi
1200 :
13 eventi
1300 :
14 eventi
1400 :
7 eventi
Grecia antica
Alto Medioevo
Rinascimento
Illuminismo
Concerto europeo
Costruzione europea
Roma
Basso Medioevo
Riforma e guerre di religione
Età delle rivoluzioni
Guerre mondiali
Guerra fredda
600
1049
1499
54 eventi
600 699
Alto Medioevo 1 evento700 799
Alto Medioevo 3 eventi711 Guerra Medioevo Spagna
Muslim conquest
The Visigothic kingdom collapses. By the tenth century Córdoba is one of the largest cities in the world.
756 Evento Medioevo Città del Vaticano
Birth of the Papal States
The Donation of Pepin founds a temporal power that will last eleven centuries.
793 Guerra Medioevo Norvegia
Raid on Lindisfarne
The sack of the English monastery conventionally opens the Viking age.
800 899
Alto Medioevo 2 eventi800 Testo Medioevo Irlanda
The Book of Kells
A masterpiece of insular illumination, symbol of Ireland’s role in transmitting texts.
870 Evento Medioevo Malta
Arab period
Two centuries of Aghlabid rule give Maltese its Semitic base.
900 999
Alto Medioevo 6 eventi907 Evento Medioevo Slovacchia
End of Great Moravia
The first West Slavic state collapses; the territory passes to Hungary for a thousand years.
925 Evento Medioevo Croazia
Kingdom of Croatia
Tomislav is recognised as king; the country anchors itself in Latin Christendom.
930 Istituzione Medioevo Islanda
Foundation of the Althing
At Þingvellir the world’s oldest still-functioning parliament is born.
962 Evento Medioevo Germania
Birth of the Holy Roman Empire
Otto I is crowned in Rome. The Empire claims direct descent from ancient Rome and acts as the secular arm of the Church.
963 Istituzione Medioevo Lussemburgo
Foundation of Lucilinburhuc
Siegfried acquires a rock on the Alzette: the castle will give the country its name.
996 Evento Medioevo Austria
First mention of Ostarrîchi
An imperial charter names for the first time the “eastern realm”, origin of the name Österreich.
1000 1099
Basso Medioevo 4 eventi1016 Evento Medioevo Danimarca
Empire of Cnut the Great
The Danish king rules England, Norway and Denmark: a North Sea empire.
1066 Guerra Medioevo Regno Unito
Norman Conquest
William imposes a French-speaking aristocracy; English absorbs thousands of Latin words.
1085 Istituzione Medioevo Spagna
Capture of Toledo and school of translators
The reconquered city becomes the workshop where the West recovers Greek science via Arabic and Hebrew.
1088 Istituzione Medioevo Italia
University of Bologna
Europe’s oldest university is born around the study of the Digest: Roman law becomes a living science again.
1100 1199
Basso Medioevo 4 eventi1102 Evento Medioevo Croazia Ungheria
Union with Hungary
An eight-century personal union, Croatia keeping its diet and its ban.
1143 Evento Medioevo Portogallo
Independence of Portugal
The Treaty of Zamora recognises Afonso Henriques as king. Today’s borders begin to take shape.
1163 Evento Medioevo Francia
Notre-Dame and the Gothic surge
From Saint-Denis to Chartres, Gothic architecture turns light into theology and spreads across Europe.
1191 Evento Medioevo Cipro
Lusignan kingdom
After the crusade, a Frankish dynasty rules the island for three centuries.
1200 1299
Basso Medioevo 13 eventi1215 Evento Medioevo Regno Unito
Magna Carta
The barons impose written limits on King John: the first milestone of constitutionalism.
1220 Evento Medioevo Islanda
The age of the sagas
Snorri Sturluson and his contemporaries commit Norse mythology and settler history to writing.
1222 Evento Medioevo Ungheria
Golden Bull
Seven years after Magna Carta, the Hungarian nobility obtains written guarantees against royal arbitrariness.
1240 Guerra Medioevo Ucraina
Sack of Kyiv
The Mongol invasion destroys the capital and disperses the political legacy of Rus’.
1243 Evento Medioevo San Marino
First captains-regent
Two heads of state elected for six months: the system still operates today.
1253 Figura Medioevo Lituania
Coronation of Mindaugas
Lithuania’s only king is crowned with papal approval; the state enters the European concert.
1262 Trattato Medioevo Islanda Norvegia
Old Covenant
Iceland recognises the sovereignty of the king of Norway; the free state ends.
1278 Evento Medioevo Andorra
First paréage
The feudal act sharing sovereignty is still the country’s constitutional basis.
1278 Evento Medioevo Austria
Rise of the Habsburgs
Rudolf’s victory on the Marchfeld opens six centuries of dynastic rule.
1282 Evento Medioevo Lettonia
Riga joins the Hanse
Trade in timber, flax and grain links Livonia to Lübeck, Bruges and Novgorod.
1290 Istituzione Medioevo Portogallo
University of Coimbra
Founded by King Dinis, it transmits canon and Roman law to the whole Lusophone world.
1291 Trattato Medioevo Svizzera
Federal Charter
Three Alpine valleys swear mutual assistance: the founding act of the Confederation.
1297 Evento Medioevo Monaco
Capture of the rock
Francesco Grimaldi seizes the fortress; the dynasty has reigned ever since.
1300 1399
Basso Medioevo 14 eventi1302 Guerra Medioevo Belgio
Battle of the Golden Spurs
Flemish communal militias crush the French chivalry: an assertion of urban power.
1346 Evento Medioevo Kosovo
Patriarchate of Peć
The seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church is established in Kosovo, spiritual heart of the kingdom.
1348 Istituzione Medioevo Cechia
Charles University
Charles IV founds Central Europe’s first university and makes Prague the capital of the Holy Roman Empire.
1349 Evento Medioevo Serbia
Dušan’s Code
The emperor promulgates a code inspired by Byzantine law, among Europe’s oldest.
1354 Evento Medioevo Lussemburgo
Elevation to duchy
Charles IV raises his native county to a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire.
1358 Evento Medioevo Croazia
Republic of Ragusa
Dubrovnik becomes an independent merchant republic and a diplomatic model.
1359 Evento Medioevo Romania
Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia
Two Orthodox, Romance-speaking states take shape between the Carpathians, Danube and Dniester.
1364 Istituzione Medioevo Polonia
University of Kraków
Casimir the Great founds one of Central Europe’s oldest universities; Copernicus will study there.
1377 Evento Medioevo Bosnia ed Erzegovina
Kingdom of Bosnia
Tvrtko I is crowned king; the country reaches its medieval zenith.
1389 Guerra Medioevo Serbia
Battle of Kosovo
Defeat by the Ottomans becomes the founding narrative of Serbian memory.
1389 Guerra Medioevo Kosovo
Battle of Kosovo
The clash becomes a contested site of memory between Serbian and Albanian narratives.
1396 Guerra Medioevo Bulgaria
Ottoman conquest of Bulgaria
The fall of Vidin completes the conquest; five centuries of domination begin.
1397 Trattato Medioevo Danimarca
Kalmar Union
The three Scandinavian kingdoms are united under a single crown for more than a century.
1397 Trattato Medioevo Norvegia
Kalmar Union
Norway enters a Scandinavian union dominated by Denmark for four centuries.
1400 1499
Rinascimento 7 eventi1410 Guerra Medioevo Lituania
Battle of Grunwald
Poles and Lithuanians break the Teutonic Order and redraw the Baltic.
1415 Evento Medioevo Cechia
Jan Hus burned at the stake
Condemned at Constance, the Czech reformer becomes a national martyr and a forerunner of Luther.
1443 Guerra Medioevo Albania
Skanderbeg’s revolt
Twenty-five years of resistance to the Ottomans make him a hero of Christendom.
1453 Evento Medioevo Grecia
Fall of Constantinople
Byzantine scholars flee to Italy with their manuscripts, feeding the Renaissance directly.
1453 Evento Medioevo Turchia
Capture of Constantinople
Mehmed II ends the Eastern Roman Empire; Europe’s commercial and intellectual horizon shifts.
1457 Figura Medioevo Moldavia
Reign of Stephen the Great
Forty-seven years of resistance to the Ottomans and of monastic foundations.
1463 Guerra Medioevo Bosnia ed Erzegovina
Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Four centuries of rule begin; a large share of the population converts to Islam.