1377 Middle Ages
Kingdom of Bosnia
Tvrtko I is crowned king; the country reaches its medieval zenith.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
The only country in Europe where Catholicism, Orthodoxy and Islam share the population in comparable proportions, Bosnia and Herzegovina is still governed by the Dayton accords.
Heritage
Within a few hundred metres Sarajevo holds a Catholic cathedral, an Orthodox cathedral, the Gazi Husrev-beg mosque and a Sephardic synagogue. The Sarajevo Haggadah, a fourteenth-century Jewish manuscript from Spain, was saved there twice in the twentieth century.
History
An independent medieval kingdom from 1377, Bosnia was conquered by the Ottomans in 1463: a large share of the population converted to Islam, a unique case in the Western Balkans.
Austria-Hungary administered it from 1878 and annexed it in 1908, contributing directly to the tensions of 1914. Integrated into Yugoslavia, the republic became under Tito a proclaimed model of coexistence.
The war of 1992-1995, marked by the siege of Sarajevo and the Srebrenica genocide, killed more than 100,000. The Dayton accords ended the fighting by instituting a highly decentralised two-entity state. A candidate since 2022, Bosnia saw its accession negotiations opened in 2024.
Milestones
1463 Middle Ages
Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Four centuries of rule begin; a large share of the population converts to Islam.
1566 Renaissance and Reformations
Old Bridge of Mostar
The architect Mimar Hayruddin completes a work that became the symbol of Bosnian intermixing.
1878 Early modern period
Austro-Hungarian administration
The Congress of Berlin entrusts Bosnia to Vienna, which annexes it in 1908.
1992 Contemporary period
Bosnian War
The siege of Sarajevo lasts 1,425 days; Srebrenica is recognised as genocide.
1995 Contemporary period
Dayton Accords
Peace establishes a two-entity state whose architecture still governs the country.
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