Debt
What the state owes, to whom, at what maturity and at what price.
Public debt, % of GDP
83.6 %
European Union 82.9 %
+0.7 %
Public debt, in euros
438.9 bn €
10-year borrowing rate
3.7 %
European Union 4.2 %
−0.5 %
The rate at which the state borrows today, on the markets. It applies only to new debt.
Apparent cost of debt
2.1 %
What already-contracted debt actually costs: long debt still carries the rates of ten years ago, and takes just as long to absorb today’s.
Interest burden, % of GDP
1.6 %
European Union 1.9 %
−0.3 %
Government balance, % of GDP
-4.1 %
European Union -3.1 %
−1.0 %
A negative balance is a deficit. The figure covers general government — central, regional, local and social security — never the central budget alone.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Held abroad 66,3 % 276.7 bn € 54.0 %
- Central bank 17,7 % 73.7 bn € 14.4 %
- Banks and money-market funds 11,9 % 49.6 bn € 9.7 %
- Insurers and pension funds 2,6 % 10.8 bn € 2.1 %
- Non-financial corporations 0,2 % 1.1 bn € 0.2 %
- Households 1,5 % 6.0 bn € 1.2 %
- Under one year 6,3 % 26.3 bn € 5.1 %
- 1 to 5 years 3,4 % 14.2 bn € 2.8 %
- 5 to 10 years 18,9 % 78.7 bn € 15.4 %
- 10 to 30 years 47,7 % 199.5 bn € 38.9 %
- Over 30 years 23,8 % 99.4 bn € 19.4 %
- Currency and deposits 0,5 % 2.0 bn € 0.4 %
- Debt securities 88,7 % 371.1 bn € 71.6 %
- Loans 10,8 % 45.2 bn € 8.7 %
Output
What the country produces in a year, where that demand comes from, and how the product is shared out.
Gross domestic product
518.2 bn €
GDP growth
0.7 %
European Union 1.4 %
−0.7 %
GDP per head (EU = 100)
118.3
European Union 100.0
+18.3
Adjusted for price differences between countries: one hundred means “the EU average”. Without that adjustment, comparing a Bulgarian wage with a Danish one means nothing.
Government consumption, % of GDP
21.6 %
European Union 21.5 %
+0.1 %
What the state consumes itself — schools, hospitals, administration. Not its transfers, its investment or its debt: total public spending is far higher.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Household consumption 268.2 bn €
- Government consumption 112.1 bn €
- Investment 122.4 bn €
- Change in inventories 1.6 bn €
- Exports 284.3 bn €
- Imports (subtracted) 272.0 bn €
- Wages and contributions 262.3 bn € 50,6 %
- Profits and mixed income 193.0 bn € 37,3 %
- Net taxes on products 62.9 bn € 12,1 %
Budget
What the state spends, on which functions, through which level of government.
Government spending, % of GDP
55.2 %
European Union 48.8 %
+6.4 %
Government spending, in euros
272.7 bn €
This country European Union
- General public services 6.0 % 29.9 bn € 10,8 %
- Defence 0.7 % 3.3 bn € 1,3 %
- Public order and safety 1.5 % 7.4 bn € 2,7 %
- Economic affairs 7.1 % 35.0 bn € 12,8 %
- Environment 0.7 % 3.5 bn € 1,3 %
- Housing and amenities 0.4 % 1.9 bn € 0,7 %
- Health 9.5 % 46.8 bn € 17,2 %
- Recreation, culture and religion 1.3 % 6.2 bn € 2,4 %
- Education 5.3 % 26.1 bn € 9,6 %
- Social protection 22.8 % 112.5 bn € 41,2 %
- Police 0.7 % 3.7 bn € 50,0 %
- Civil protection 0.2 % 1.0 bn € 14,3 %
- Courts 0.3 % 1.5 bn € 21,4 %
- Prisons 0.2 % 757 m € 14,3 %
- Research (order and safety) 0.0 % 155 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 35.6 % 176.1 bn € 47,7 %
- States and regions 10.6 % 52.2 bn € 14,2 %
- Local government 9.5 % 46.7 bn € 12,7 %
- Social security 19.0 % 93.7 bn € 25,4 %
- Wages and contributions 11.3 % 55.8 bn € 21,2 %
- Goods and services bought 7.0 % 34.5 bn € 13,1 %
- Social benefits 24.2 % 119.7 bn € 45,3 %
- Subsidies 1.9 % 9.3 bn € 3,6 %
- Property income 1.5 % 7.3 bn € 2,8 %
- Investment 4.0 % 19.7 bn € 7,5 %
- Other transfers 3.5 % 17.4 bn € 6,6 %
Revenue
What the state levies, on what, and who collects it.
Total tax burden, % of GDP
43.9 %
European Union 40.7 %
+3.2 %
Taxes and social contributions together, including the share that goes to the Union.
Taxes, in euros
227.4 bn €
VAT, % of GDP
7.8 %
European Union 7.2 %
+0.6 %
Income taxes, % of GDP
13.1 %
European Union 12.8 %
+0.3 %
Social contributions, % of GDP
16.0 %
European Union 14.3 %
+1.7 %
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- VAT 7.8 % 40.5 bn € 17,9 %
- Other taxes on products 2.9 % 15.2 bn € 6,7 %
- Other taxes on production 3.1 % 16.3 bn € 7,1 %
- Income taxes 13.1 % 67.9 bn € 30,0 %
- Other current taxes 0.7 % 3.6 bn € 1,6 %
- Social contributions 16.0 % 83.1 bn € 36,7 %
- Capital taxes 0.0 % 54 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 28.1 % 145.7 bn € 64,0 %
- States and regions 0.9 % 4.6 bn € 2,1 %
- Local government 1.4 % 7.2 bn € 3,2 %
- Social security 13.4 % 69.2 bn € 30,5 %
- European Union 0.1 % 673 m € 0,2 %
Justice
Prisoners, prison places, judicial staff and homicides.
Prisoners per 100,000 people
105.4
The number of people held, including those awaiting trial. A country that judges slowly locks up more people who have not been convicted.
People held in prison
9,657
Police officers per 100,000 people
357.8
Prison staff per 100,000 people
50.0
Judges per 100,000 people
4.3
Homicides per 100,000 people
1.0
- Nationals 4,536 47,0 %
- Foreigners 5,121 53,0 %
Read alongside the share of foreigners in the population, which varies widely, and the fact that a non-resident is more often held on remand for want of guarantees of appearance.
- Men 8,976 92,9 %
- Women 681 7,1 %
Society
Population, employment, prices, poverty and inequality.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union