Debt
What the state owes, to whom, at what maturity and at what price.
Public debt, % of GDP
26.8 %
European Union 82.9 %
−56.1 %
Public debt, in euros
112.5 bn €
10-year borrowing rate
3.0 %
European Union 3.9 %
−0.9 %
The rate at which the state borrows today, on the markets. It applies only to new debt.
Apparent cost of debt
2.8 %
What already-contracted debt actually costs: long debt still carries the rates of ten years ago, and takes just as long to absorb today’s.
Interest burden, % of GDP
0.8 %
European Union 1.9 %
−1.1 %
Government balance, % of GDP
2.9 %
European Union -3.1 %
+6.0 %
A negative balance is a deficit. The figure covers general government — central, regional, local and social security — never the central budget alone.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Held abroad 42,7 % 48.6 bn € 11.9 %
- Central bank 0,0 % 0 m € 0.0 %
- Banks and money-market funds 11,8 % 13.7 bn € 3.3 %
- Insurers and pension funds 38,7 % 44.4 bn € 10.8 %
- Firms and households 6,8 % 7.7 bn € 1.9 %
- Under one year 4,3 % 5.0 bn € 1.2 %
- Over one year 95,7 % 109.5 bn € 26.7 %
- Currency and deposits 2,2 % 2.3 bn € 0.6 %
- Debt securities 90,0 % 103.0 bn € 25.1 %
- Loans 7,9 % 9.2 bn € 2.2 %
Output
What the country produces in a year, where that demand comes from, and how the product is shared out.
Gross domestic product
417.8 bn €
GDP growth
3.5 %
European Union 1.4 %
+2.1 %
GDP per head (EU = 100)
129.4
European Union 100.0
+29.4
Adjusted for price differences between countries: one hundred means “the EU average”. Without that adjustment, comparing a Bulgarian wage with a Danish one means nothing.
Government consumption, % of GDP
23.0 %
European Union 21.6 %
+1.4 %
What the state consumes itself — schools, hospitals, administration. Not its transfers, its investment or its debt: total public spending is far higher.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Household consumption 180.1 bn €
- Government consumption 96.1 bn €
- Investment 95.9 bn €
- Change in inventories 2 m €
- Exports 289.2 bn €
- Imports (subtracted) 243.9 bn €
- Wages and contributions 211.6 bn € 50,7 %
- Profits and mixed income 155.6 bn € 37,2 %
- Net taxes on products 50.6 bn € 12,1 %
Budget
What the state spends, on which functions, through which level of government.
Government spending, % of GDP
47.3 %
European Union 48.9 %
−1.6 %
Government spending, in euros
185.7 bn €
This country European Union
- General public services 5.7 % 22.3 bn € 12,1 %
- Defence 1.8 % 7.2 bn € 3,8 %
- Public order and safety 1.0 % 3.8 bn € 2,1 %
- Economic affairs 3.1 % 12.0 bn € 6,6 %
- Environment 0.4 % 1.6 bn € 0,8 %
- Housing and amenities 0.3 % 1.4 bn € 0,6 %
- Health 8.3 % 32.6 bn € 17,5 %
- Recreation, culture and religion 1.5 % 6.0 bn € 3,2 %
- Education 5.6 % 21.8 bn € 11,8 %
- Social protection 19.6 % 77.0 bn € 41,4 %
- Police 0.5 % 2.1 bn € 50,0 %
- Civil protection 0.1 % 233 m € 10,0 %
- Courts 0.2 % 661 m € 20,0 %
- Prisons 0.2 % 751 m € 20,0 %
- Research (order and safety) 0.0 % 0 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 34.7 % 136.0 bn € 51,6 %
- Local government 31.2 % 122.3 bn € 46,4 %
- Social security 1.4 % 5.3 bn € 2,1 %
- Wages and contributions 14.3 % 56.1 bn € 31,0 %
- Goods and services bought 8.3 % 32.5 bn € 18,0 %
- Social benefits 15.6 % 61.3 bn € 33,8 %
- Subsidies 1.3 % 4.9 bn € 2,8 %
- Property income 0.8 % 3.1 bn € 1,7 %
- Investment 3.2 % 12.5 bn € 6,9 %
- Other transfers 2.6 % 10.4 bn € 5,6 %
Revenue
What the state levies, on what, and who collects it.
Total tax burden, % of GDP
45.1 %
European Union 2024
40.3 %
+5.2 %
Taxes and social contributions together, including the share that goes to the Union.
Taxes, in euros
185.3 bn €
VAT, % of GDP
9.3 %
European Union 2024
7.1 %
+2.2 %
Income taxes, % of GDP
30.1 %
European Union 2024
12.8 %
+17.5 %
Social contributions, % of GDP
0.7 %
European Union 2024
14.0 %
−13.3 %
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- VAT 9.3 % 38.2 bn € 20,8 %
- Other taxes on products 1.6 % 6.7 bn € 3,6 %
- Other taxes on production 2.0 % 8.2 bn € 4,5 %
- Income taxes 30.1 % 123.3 bn € 67,3 %
- Other current taxes 0.7 % 2.8 bn € 1,6 %
- Social contributions 0.7 % 2.7 bn € 1,6 %
- Capital taxes 0.3 % 1.1 bn € 0,7 %
- Central government 32.9 % 134.9 bn € 72,9 %
- Local government 11.6 % 47.7 bn € 25,7 %
- Social security 0.5 % 2.2 bn € 1,1 %
- European Union 0.1 % 535 m € 0,2 %
Justice
Prisoners, prison places, judicial staff and homicides.
Prisoners per 100,000 people
69.9
The number of people held, including those awaiting trial. A country that judges slowly locks up more people who have not been convicted.
People held in prison
4,167
Police officers per 100,000 people
194.3
Prison staff per 100,000 people
47.6
Judges per 100,000 people
11.9
Homicides per 100,000 people
0.8
- Nationals 3,112 74,7 %
- Foreigners 1,055 25,3 %
Read alongside the share of foreigners in the population, which varies widely, and the fact that a non-resident is more often held on remand for want of guarantees of appearance.
- Men 3,933 94,4 %
- Women 234 5,6 %
Society
Population, employment, prices, poverty and inequality.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union