Debt
What the state owes, to whom, at what maturity and at what price.
Public debt, % of GDP
43.8 %
European Union 82.9 %
−39.1 %
Public debt, in euros
517.4 bn €
10-year borrowing rate
3.3 %
European Union 3.9 %
−0.6 %
The rate at which the state borrows today, on the markets. It applies only to new debt.
Apparent cost of debt
1.7 %
What already-contracted debt actually costs: long debt still carries the rates of ten years ago, and takes just as long to absorb today’s.
Interest burden, % of GDP
0.7 %
European Union 1.9 %
−1.2 %
Government balance, % of GDP
-1.6 %
European Union -3.1 %
+1.5 %
A negative balance is a deficit. The figure covers general government — central, regional, local and social security — never the central budget alone.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Held abroad 49,3 % 257.8 bn € 21.9 %
- Central bank 20,5 % 107.6 bn € 9.1 %
- Banks and money-market funds 12,8 % 67.2 bn € 5.7 %
- Insurers and pension funds 15,5 % 81.9 bn € 6.9 %
- Non-financial corporations 1,4 % 7.4 bn € 0.6 %
- Households 0,2 % 1.7 bn € 0.1 %
- Under one year 11,7 % 60.9 bn € 5.2 %
- Over one year 88,3 % 462.6 bn € 39.2 %
- Currency and deposits 0,5 % 2.2 bn € 0.2 %
- Debt securities 84,0 % 439.5 bn € 37.3 %
- Loans 15,5 % 81.9 bn € 6.9 %
Output
What the country produces in a year, where that demand comes from, and how the product is shared out.
Gross domestic product
1,170.6 bn €
GDP growth
1.6 %
European Union 1.4 %
+0.2 %
GDP per head (EU = 100)
132.3
European Union 100.0
+32.3
Adjusted for price differences between countries: one hundred means “the EU average”. Without that adjustment, comparing a Bulgarian wage with a Danish one means nothing.
Government consumption, % of GDP
26.0 %
European Union 21.6 %
+4.4 %
What the state consumes itself — schools, hospitals, administration. Not its transfers, its investment or its debt: total public spending is far higher.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Household consumption 507.0 bn €
- Government consumption 303.9 bn €
- Investment 235.4 bn €
- Change in inventories 1.5 bn €
- Exports 955.3 bn €
- Imports (subtracted) 832.6 bn €
- Wages and contributions 559.4 bn € 47,8 %
- Profits and mixed income 493.7 bn € 42,2 %
- Net taxes on products 117.4 bn € 10,0 %
Budget
What the state spends, on which functions, through which level of government.
Government spending, % of GDP
44.4 %
European Union 48.9 %
−4.5 %
Government spending, in euros
498.5 bn €
This country European Union
- General public services 4.1 % 46.2 bn € 9,2 %
- Defence 1.6 % 18.3 bn € 3,6 %
- Public order and safety 1.9 % 21.6 bn € 4,3 %
- Economic affairs 4.4 % 49.5 bn € 9,9 %
- Environment 1.6 % 17.9 bn € 3,6 %
- Housing and amenities 0.6 % 6.9 bn € 1,4 %
- Health 7.3 % 81.5 bn € 16,4 %
- Recreation, culture and religion 1.2 % 13.4 bn € 2,7 %
- Education 5.1 % 57.2 bn € 11,5 %
- Social protection 16.6 % 186.0 bn € 37,4 %
- Police 0.8 % 9.2 bn € 50,0 %
- Civil protection 0.2 % 2.2 bn € 12,5 %
- Courts 0.3 % 3.2 bn € 18,7 %
- Prisons 0.3 % 3.8 bn € 18,7 %
- Research (order and safety) 0.0 % 279 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 30.2 % 338.7 bn € 50,8 %
- Local government 13.2 % 147.7 bn € 22,2 %
- Social security 16.1 % 180.5 bn € 27,1 %
- Wages and contributions 8.7 % 97.5 bn € 20,0 %
- Goods and services bought 6.7 % 75.3 bn € 15,4 %
- Social benefits 21.0 % 235.9 bn € 48,3 %
- Subsidies 1.4 % 15.3 bn € 3,2 %
- Property income 0.7 % 8.0 bn € 1,6 %
- Investment 3.3 % 37.1 bn € 7,6 %
- Other transfers 1.7 % 19.5 bn € 3,9 %
Revenue
What the state levies, on what, and who collects it.
Total tax burden, % of GDP
39.4 %
European Union 40.3 %
−0.9 %
Taxes and social contributions together, including the share that goes to the Union.
Taxes, in euros
442.0 bn €
VAT, % of GDP
7.0 %
European Union 7.1 %
−0.1 %
Income taxes, % of GDP
14.1 %
European Union 12.8 %
+1.3 %
Social contributions, % of GDP
12.6 %
European Union 14.0 %
−1.4 %
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- VAT 7.0 % 78.8 bn € 17,9 %
- Other taxes on products 3.1 % 34.5 bn € 7,9 %
- Other taxes on production 1.2 % 12.9 bn € 3,1 %
- Income taxes 14.1 % 158.1 bn € 36,0 %
- Other current taxes 0.9 % 9.6 bn € 2,3 %
- Social contributions 12.6 % 141.2 bn € 32,1 %
- Capital taxes 0.3 % 3.5 bn € 0,8 %
- Central government 25.5 % 286.4 bn € 64,7 %
- Local government 1.5 % 16.8 bn € 3,8 %
- Social security 12.1 % 135.4 bn € 30,7 %
- European Union 0.3 % 3.3 bn € 0,8 %
Justice
Prisoners, prison places, judicial staff and homicides.
Prisoners per 100,000 people
66.6
The number of people held, including those awaiting trial. A country that judges slowly locks up more people who have not been convicted.
People held in prison
11,948
Police officers per 100,000 people
290.8
Prison staff per 100,000 people
72.0
Judges per 100,000 people
15.1
Homicides per 100,000 people
0.7
- Nationals 9,375 78,5 %
- Foreigners 2,573 21,5 %
Read alongside the share of foreigners in the population, which varies widely, and the fact that a non-resident is more often held on remand for want of guarantees of appearance.
- Men 11,382 95,3 %
- Women 566 4,7 %
Society
Population, employment, prices, poverty and inequality.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union