Portugal

Portuguese Republic

Europe's oldest stable frontier, Portugal opened the sea route to the Indies and took the continent into the oceanic age.

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Herencia

Roman Lusitania left Évora and Conímbriga. The University of Coimbra, founded in 1290, is one of the world's oldest. The Manueline, a national style, blends late Gothic, Christian symbolism and maritime motifs: the art of a country that conceived of its faith as navigation.

Historia

Born as a county of the kingdom of León, Portugal became independent in 1143 and completed its reconquest in 1249: its borders have scarcely moved since, making it Europe's oldest stable frontier.

In the fifteenth century the school of Sagres and the caravels opened the Atlantic: Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, Vasco da Gama reached India in 1498. The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the world with Castile. Lisbon became a world spice capital before the 1755 earthquake destroyed the city and shook European theodicy.

After the Salazar dictatorship, the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974 restored democracy and began decolonisation. Accession to the Communities in 1986, simultaneous with Spain, definitively reoriented the country towards Europe.

Hitos

1143 Edad Media

Independence of Portugal

The Treaty of Zamora recognises Afonso Henriques as king. Today’s borders begin to take shape.

1290 Edad Media

University of Coimbra

Founded by King Dinis, it transmits canon and Roman law to the whole Lusophone world.

1498 Renacimiento y Reformas

Vasco da Gama reaches India

The sea route to the spices opens; Europe’s economy shifts from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic.

1755 Edad Moderna

Lisbon earthquake

The disaster inspires Voltaire and Kant: the problem of evil becomes central to the Enlightenment.

1910 Edad Moderna

Proclamation of the Republic in Portugal

The monarchy falls; the instability that follows will open the way to the Estado Novo.

1974 Época contemporánea

Carnation Revolution

On 25 April an almost bloodless military coup restores democracy.

1986 Construcción europea

Accession of Portugal to the Communities

Portugal joins the EEC on the same day as Spain and begins rapid economic catch-up.

1992 Construcción europea participó

Maastricht Treaty

The European Union is created, with European citizenship and the timetable for the single currency.

1999 Construcción europea participó

Birth of the euro

Eleven currencies are irrevocably fixed; the European Central Bank takes up its functions.

2009 Construcción europea actor principal

Treaty of Lisbon

The Charter of Fundamental Rights becomes binding; Parliament becomes a full co-legislator.

2010 Construcción europea se vio afectado

Sovereign debt crisis

The euro area urgently creates unprecedented financial solidarity mechanisms.

Panorama político

Resultados de las europeas de junio de 2024 y su traducción en grupos del Parlamento Europeo.

PS — Partido Socialista 8
AD — Aliança Democrática — PSD, CDS-PP 7
Chega — Chega 2
IL — Iniciativa Liberal 2
BE — Bloco de Esquerda 1
CDU — Coligação Democrática Unitária 1

Reparto de escaños europeos

Grupo de la Alianza Progresista de Socialistas y Demócratas en el Parlamento Europeo 8
Grupo del Partido Popular Europeo (Demócrata-Cristianos) 7
Grupo Patriotas por Europa 2
Grupo Renew Europe 2
El Grupo de la Izquierda en el Parlamento Europeo — GUE/NGL 2

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Deuda pública, en % del PIB 92,5 % 2,1 % PIB por habitante (UE = 100) 81,4 0,9 Gasto público, en % del PIB 42,4 % 0,4 % Presión fiscal, en % del PIB 37,1 % 0,2 % Presos por 100 000 habitantes 117,6 0,4