Belgio

Kingdom of Belgium

A crossroads of the Latin and Germanic worlds, Belgium hosts the Union's institutions and carries Europe's dividing line in its very languages.

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Eredità

Today's linguistic frontier roughly follows the old limit of Romanisation. The Flemish cities of Bruges and Ghent were, with northern Italy, the second urban heartland of medieval Christendom; the Flemish Primitives reinvented religious painting there.

Storia

A Roman province under the name Gallia Belgica, the region became in the Middle Ages a string of principalities and cloth towns among the richest in Europe. Burgundians then Habsburgs aggregated territories that the Reformation would durably split between a Protestant north and a Catholic south.

Independence in 1830 created a neutral buffer state guaranteed by the powers. Its neutrality was violated in 1914 and again in 1940, making the country twice the battlefield of Europe.

After 1945 Belgium made the opposite wager: Paul-Henri Spaak was one of the architects of the Treaty of Rome, and Brussels became the seat of the Commission, the Council and NATO. Six state reforms meanwhile turned the unitary country into a federation.

Tappe

1302 Medioevo

Battle of the Golden Spurs

Flemish communal militias crush the French chivalry: an assertion of urban power.

1432 Rinascimento e Riforme

The Ghent Altarpiece

In Ghent Van Eyck completes the altarpiece that inaugurates oil painting and the Northern Renaissance.

1830 Età moderna

Belgian independence

The Brussels revolution creates a constitutional kingdom, neutral and guaranteed by the powers.

1914 Età contemporanea

Violation of neutrality

The German invasion brings the United Kingdom into the war and freezes the Yser front.

1949 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

Council of Europe

Ten states found in London the first European political organisation, matrix of the Convention on Human Rights.

1951 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

Treaty of Paris — ECSC

Six states create the European Coal and Steel Community, the continent’s first supranational institution.

1957 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

Treaties of Rome

The EEC and Euratom are established; the common market and the four freedoms are laid down.

1957 Costruzione europea

The Spaak Report

Belgian Paul-Henri Spaak drafts the preparatory text of the Treaties of Rome.

1968 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

Customs union

Internal tariffs disappear eighteen months ahead of schedule.

1985 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

Schengen Agreement

Five states sign on the Moselle an agreement progressively abolishing internal border controls.

1992 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

Maastricht Treaty

The European Union is created, with European citizenship and the timetable for the single currency.

1993 Età contemporanea

Federal Belgium

The fourth state reform enshrines in the Constitution a federal state of communities and regions.

1999 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

Birth of the euro

Eleven currencies are irrevocably fixed; the European Central Bank takes up its functions.

Paesaggio politico

Risultati delle europee di giugno 2024 e loro traduzione in gruppi del Parlamento europeo.

VB — Vlaams Belang 3
N-VA — Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie 3
MR — Mouvement Réformateur 3
PVDA-PTB — Partij van de Arbeid van België — Parti du Travail de Belgique 2
Écologistes — Groen — Ecolo 2
Vooruit — Vooruit 2
PS — Parti Socialiste 2
CD&V — Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams 2
LE — Les Engagés 2
Open VLD — Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten 1

Ripartizione dei seggi europei

Gruppo Renew Europe 4
Gruppo dell'Alleanza Progressista di Socialisti e Democratici al Parlamento europeo 4
Gruppo del Partito Popolare Europeo (Democratico Cristiano) 4
Gruppo Patrioti per l'Europa 3
Gruppo dei Conservatori e Riformisti Europei 3
Il Gruppo della Sinistra al Parlamento europeo — GUE/NGL 2
Gruppo dei Verdi/Alleanza libera europea 2

Attualità collegate

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Lo Stato in cifre

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Debito pubblico, in % del PIL 110,2 % 0,8 % PIL per abitante (UE = 100) 113,9 1,9 Spesa pubblica, in % del PIL 54,1 % 1,3 % Pressione fiscale, in % del PIL 44,7 % 0,5 % Detenuti ogni 100 000 abitanti 106,5 5,2