681 Ereignis Mittelalter Bulgarien
First Bulgarian Empire
Byzantium recognises a Bulgarian state south of the Danube: Europe’s oldest still-named Slavic state.
Eine gemeinsame Geschichte
Der europäische Aufbau begann nicht 1950. Dieser Faden verbindet das antike Erbe, die jüdisch-christliche Matrix und die heutige Union.
326
Ereignisse
3600 v. Chr.
ältester Eintrag
46
vertretene Länder
0
bereits diskutiert
Dichte der Ereignisse
Vor 1500 ein Jahrhundert pro Balken, danach ein Jahrzehnt: Archive verteilen sich ungleich.
600 :
1 Ereignis
700 :
3 Ereignisse
800 :
2 Ereignisse
900 :
6 Ereignisse
1000 :
4 Ereignisse
1100 :
4 Ereignisse
1200 :
13 Ereignisse
1300 :
14 Ereignisse
1400 :
7 Ereignisse
Antikes Griechenland
Frühmittelalter
Renaissance
Aufklärung
Europäisches Konzert
Europäische Einigung
Rom
Hoch- und Spätmittelalter
Reformation und Religionskriege
Zeitalter der Revolutionen
Weltkriege
Kalter Krieg
600
1049
1499
54 Ereignisse
600 699
Frühmittelalter 1 Ereignis700 799
Frühmittelalter 3 Ereignisse711 Krieg Mittelalter Spanien
Muslim conquest
The Visigothic kingdom collapses. By the tenth century Córdoba is one of the largest cities in the world.
756 Ereignis Mittelalter Vatikanstadt
Birth of the Papal States
The Donation of Pepin founds a temporal power that will last eleven centuries.
793 Krieg Mittelalter Norwegen
Raid on Lindisfarne
The sack of the English monastery conventionally opens the Viking age.
800 899
Frühmittelalter 2 Ereignisse800 Text Mittelalter Irland
The Book of Kells
A masterpiece of insular illumination, symbol of Ireland’s role in transmitting texts.
870 Ereignis Mittelalter Malta
Arab period
Two centuries of Aghlabid rule give Maltese its Semitic base.
900 999
Frühmittelalter 6 Ereignisse907 Ereignis Mittelalter Slowakei
End of Great Moravia
The first West Slavic state collapses; the territory passes to Hungary for a thousand years.
925 Ereignis Mittelalter Kroatien
Kingdom of Croatia
Tomislav is recognised as king; the country anchors itself in Latin Christendom.
930 Institution Mittelalter Island
Foundation of the Althing
At Þingvellir the world’s oldest still-functioning parliament is born.
962 Ereignis Mittelalter Deutschland
Birth of the Holy Roman Empire
Otto I is crowned in Rome. The Empire claims direct descent from ancient Rome and acts as the secular arm of the Church.
963 Institution Mittelalter Luxemburg
Foundation of Lucilinburhuc
Siegfried acquires a rock on the Alzette: the castle will give the country its name.
996 Ereignis Mittelalter Österreich
First mention of Ostarrîchi
An imperial charter names for the first time the “eastern realm”, origin of the name Österreich.
1000 1099
Hoch- und Spätmittelalter 4 Ereignisse1016 Ereignis Mittelalter Dänemark
Empire of Cnut the Great
The Danish king rules England, Norway and Denmark: a North Sea empire.
1066 Krieg Mittelalter Vereinigtes Königreich
Norman Conquest
William imposes a French-speaking aristocracy; English absorbs thousands of Latin words.
1085 Institution Mittelalter Spanien
Capture of Toledo and school of translators
The reconquered city becomes the workshop where the West recovers Greek science via Arabic and Hebrew.
1088 Institution Mittelalter Italien
University of Bologna
Europe’s oldest university is born around the study of the Digest: Roman law becomes a living science again.
1100 1199
Hoch- und Spätmittelalter 4 Ereignisse1102 Ereignis Mittelalter Kroatien Ungarn
Union with Hungary
An eight-century personal union, Croatia keeping its diet and its ban.
1143 Ereignis Mittelalter Portugal
Independence of Portugal
The Treaty of Zamora recognises Afonso Henriques as king. Today’s borders begin to take shape.
1163 Ereignis Mittelalter Frankreich
Notre-Dame and the Gothic surge
From Saint-Denis to Chartres, Gothic architecture turns light into theology and spreads across Europe.
1191 Ereignis Mittelalter Zypern
Lusignan kingdom
After the crusade, a Frankish dynasty rules the island for three centuries.
1200 1299
Hoch- und Spätmittelalter 13 Ereignisse1215 Ereignis Mittelalter Vereinigtes Königreich
Magna Carta
The barons impose written limits on King John: the first milestone of constitutionalism.
1220 Ereignis Mittelalter Island
The age of the sagas
Snorri Sturluson and his contemporaries commit Norse mythology and settler history to writing.
1222 Ereignis Mittelalter Ungarn
Golden Bull
Seven years after Magna Carta, the Hungarian nobility obtains written guarantees against royal arbitrariness.
1240 Krieg Mittelalter Ukraine
Sack of Kyiv
The Mongol invasion destroys the capital and disperses the political legacy of Rus’.
1243 Ereignis Mittelalter San Marino
First captains-regent
Two heads of state elected for six months: the system still operates today.
1253 Person Mittelalter Litauen
Coronation of Mindaugas
Lithuania’s only king is crowned with papal approval; the state enters the European concert.
1262 Vertrag Mittelalter Island Norwegen
Old Covenant
Iceland recognises the sovereignty of the king of Norway; the free state ends.
1278 Ereignis Mittelalter Andorra
First paréage
The feudal act sharing sovereignty is still the country’s constitutional basis.
1278 Ereignis Mittelalter Österreich
Rise of the Habsburgs
Rudolf’s victory on the Marchfeld opens six centuries of dynastic rule.
1282 Ereignis Mittelalter Lettland
Riga joins the Hanse
Trade in timber, flax and grain links Livonia to Lübeck, Bruges and Novgorod.
1290 Institution Mittelalter Portugal
University of Coimbra
Founded by King Dinis, it transmits canon and Roman law to the whole Lusophone world.
1291 Vertrag Mittelalter Schweiz
Federal Charter
Three Alpine valleys swear mutual assistance: the founding act of the Confederation.
1297 Ereignis Mittelalter Monaco
Capture of the rock
Francesco Grimaldi seizes the fortress; the dynasty has reigned ever since.
1300 1399
Hoch- und Spätmittelalter 14 Ereignisse1302 Krieg Mittelalter Belgien
Battle of the Golden Spurs
Flemish communal militias crush the French chivalry: an assertion of urban power.
1346 Ereignis Mittelalter Kosovo
Patriarchate of Peć
The seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church is established in Kosovo, spiritual heart of the kingdom.
1348 Institution Mittelalter Tschechien
Charles University
Charles IV founds Central Europe’s first university and makes Prague the capital of the Holy Roman Empire.
1349 Ereignis Mittelalter Serbien
Dušan’s Code
The emperor promulgates a code inspired by Byzantine law, among Europe’s oldest.
1354 Ereignis Mittelalter Luxemburg
Elevation to duchy
Charles IV raises his native county to a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire.
1358 Ereignis Mittelalter Kroatien
Republic of Ragusa
Dubrovnik becomes an independent merchant republic and a diplomatic model.
1359 Ereignis Mittelalter Rumänien
Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia
Two Orthodox, Romance-speaking states take shape between the Carpathians, Danube and Dniester.
1364 Institution Mittelalter Polen
University of Kraków
Casimir the Great founds one of Central Europe’s oldest universities; Copernicus will study there.
1377 Ereignis Mittelalter Bosnien und Herzegowina
Kingdom of Bosnia
Tvrtko I is crowned king; the country reaches its medieval zenith.
1389 Krieg Mittelalter Serbien
Battle of Kosovo
Defeat by the Ottomans becomes the founding narrative of Serbian memory.
1389 Krieg Mittelalter Kosovo
Battle of Kosovo
The clash becomes a contested site of memory between Serbian and Albanian narratives.
1396 Krieg Mittelalter Bulgarien
Ottoman conquest of Bulgaria
The fall of Vidin completes the conquest; five centuries of domination begin.
1397 Vertrag Mittelalter Dänemark
Kalmar Union
The three Scandinavian kingdoms are united under a single crown for more than a century.
1397 Vertrag Mittelalter Norwegen
Kalmar Union
Norway enters a Scandinavian union dominated by Denmark for four centuries.
1400 1499
Renaissance 7 Ereignisse1410 Krieg Mittelalter Litauen
Battle of Grunwald
Poles and Lithuanians break the Teutonic Order and redraw the Baltic.
1415 Ereignis Mittelalter Tschechien
Jan Hus burned at the stake
Condemned at Constance, the Czech reformer becomes a national martyr and a forerunner of Luther.
1443 Krieg Mittelalter Albanien
Skanderbeg’s revolt
Twenty-five years of resistance to the Ottomans make him a hero of Christendom.
1453 Ereignis Mittelalter Griechenland
Fall of Constantinople
Byzantine scholars flee to Italy with their manuscripts, feeding the Renaissance directly.
1453 Ereignis Mittelalter Türkei
Capture of Constantinople
Mehmed II ends the Eastern Roman Empire; Europe’s commercial and intellectual horizon shifts.
1457 Person Mittelalter Moldau
Reign of Stephen the Great
Forty-seven years of resistance to the Ottomans and of monastic foundations.
1463 Krieg Mittelalter Bosnien und Herzegowina
Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Four centuries of rule begin; a large share of the population converts to Islam.