1949 Text Zeitgeschichte Deutschland
Bonn Basic Law
“Human dignity shall be inviolable”: Article 1 places the person — a Christian and humanist legacy — at the summit of the legal order.
Eine gemeinsame Geschichte
Der europäische Aufbau begann nicht 1950. Dieser Faden verbindet das antike Erbe, die jüdisch-christliche Matrix und die heutige Union.
326
Ereignisse
3600 v. Chr.
ältester Eintrag
46
vertretene Länder
0
bereits diskutiert
Dichte der Ereignisse
Vor 1500 ein Jahrhundert pro Balken, danach ein Jahrzehnt: Archive verteilen sich ungleich.
1940 :
2 Ereignisse
1950 :
7 Ereignisse
1960 :
10 Ereignisse
1970 :
10 Ereignisse
1980 :
15 Ereignisse
1990 :
11 Ereignisse
Antikes Griechenland
Frühmittelalter
Renaissance
Aufklärung
Europäisches Konzert
Europäische Einigung
Rom
Hoch- und Spätmittelalter
Reformation und Religionskriege
Zeitalter der Revolutionen
Weltkriege
Kalter Krieg
1940
1969
1999
55 Ereignisse
1925 1949
Weltkriege 2 Ereignisse1949 Institution Europäischer Aufbau
Council of Europe
Ten states found in London the first European political organisation, matrix of the Convention on Human Rights.
1950 1974
Europäische Einigung 24 Ereignisse1950 Text Europäischer Aufbau
Schuman Declaration
On 9 May France proposes placing coal and steel under a common authority. Community Europe is born of a material pooling.
1951 Vertrag Europäischer Aufbau
Treaty of Paris — ECSC
Six states create the European Coal and Steel Community, the continent’s first supranational institution.
1952 Krieg Europäischer Aufbau Luxemburg
Seat of the High Authority
Europe’s first supranational institution settles in Luxembourg.
1955 Vertrag Zeitgeschichte Österreich
Austrian State Treaty
The four powers withdraw; Austria proclaims perpetual neutrality.
1956 Krieg Zeitgeschichte Ungarn
Budapest uprising
The revolt is crushed by the Red Army; 200,000 Hungarians go into exile.
1957 Ereignis Europäischer Aufbau
Treaties of Rome
The EEC and Euratom are established; the common market and the four freedoms are laid down.
1957 Text Europäischer Aufbau Belgien
The Spaak Report
Belgian Paul-Henri Spaak drafts the preparatory text of the Treaties of Rome.
1960 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Zypern
Independence of Cyprus
The Republic of Cyprus is born of a compromise between Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
1962 Religion Zeitgeschichte Vatikanstadt
Second Vatican Council
The Church reforms its liturgy and redefines its relations with the modern world and Judaism.
1963 Vertrag Europäischer Aufbau Frankreich
Élysée Treaty
De Gaulle and Adenauer seal Franco-German reconciliation, the institutional engine of integration.
1963 Vertrag Europäischer Aufbau Türkei
Ankara Agreement
Association with the EEC explicitly envisages an accession perspective.
1963 Text Europäischer Aufbau
Van Gend en Loos judgment
The Court of Justice asserts direct effect: Community law creates rights for citizens themselves.
1964 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Malta
Independence of Malta
Malta leaves the British Empire and becomes a republic ten years later.
1967 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Albanien
Religion banned
Albania proclaims itself the world’s first atheist state; churches and mosques are closed.
1968 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Tschechien
Prague Spring
“Socialism with a human face” is crushed by Warsaw Pact tanks in August.
1968 Ereignis Europäischer Aufbau
Customs union
Internal tariffs disappear eighteen months ahead of schedule.
1969 Entdeckung Zeitgeschichte Norwegen
Discovery of Ekofisk
North Sea oil transforms the economy and founds the Norwegian sovereign wealth fund.
1973 Ereignis Europäischer Aufbau Dänemark
Accession of Denmark to the Communities
The first Nordic member, Denmark enters alongside the United Kingdom and Ireland.
1973 Ereignis Europäischer Aufbau Irland
Accession of Ireland to the Communities
Ireland joins with the United Kingdom and begins its economic transformation.
1973 Ereignis Europäischer Aufbau Vereinigtes Königreich
Accession of the United Kingdom to the Communities
After two French vetoes, the United Kingdom enters the EEC with Denmark and Ireland.
1973 Ereignis Europäischer Aufbau
First enlargement
Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom join the Communities, which grow from six to nine.
1974 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Portugal
Carnation Revolution
On 25 April an almost bloodless military coup restores democracy.
1974 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Zypern
Division of the island
The coup and Turkish intervention cut Cyprus in two; the Green Line crosses Nicosia.
1974 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Kosovo
Constitutional autonomy
The Yugoslav constitution grants Kosovo near-republican attributes.
1975 1999
Europäische Einigung 29 Ereignisse1975 Vertrag Europäischer Aufbau Finnland
Helsinki Final Act
Thirty-five states sign a text placing human rights at the heart of détente.
1978 Text Zeitgeschichte Spanien
Democratic constitution of Spain
Three years after Franco, Spain adopts a parliamentary monarchy and a state of autonomies.
1979 Ereignis Europäischer Aufbau
First European elections
For the first time citizens directly elect their MEPs; Simone Veil chairs the assembly.
1980 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Polen
Solidarity
At the Gdańsk shipyards the Soviet bloc’s first free trade union is born. Communism loses its workers’ legitimacy.
1980 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Island
Vigdís Finnbogadóttir
Iceland elects the world’s first woman head of state by direct universal suffrage.
1981 Ereignis Europäischer Aufbau Griechenland
Accession of Greece to the Communities
As the tenth member, Greece anchors its restored democracy in Community Europe.
1984 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Liechtenstein
Women’s suffrage
The last country in Europe to grant it, by a male-only referendum.
1985 Vertrag Europäischer Aufbau
Schengen Agreement
Five states sign on the Moselle an agreement progressively abolishing internal border controls.
1986 Ereignis Europäischer Aufbau Spanien
Accession of Spain to the Communities
With Portugal, Spain joins the EEC: southern enlargement consecrates democratisation.
1986 Ereignis Europäischer Aufbau Portugal
Accession of Portugal to the Communities
Portugal joins the EEC on the same day as Spain and begins rapid economic catch-up.
1986 Katastrophe Zeitgeschichte Belarus
Chernobyl fallout
Nearly 70 % of the radioactive fallout lands on Belarusian territory.
1986 Vertrag Europäischer Aufbau
Single European Act
The internal market is scheduled for 1993 and qualified majority voting extended.
1988 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Estland
Singing Revolution
Three hundred thousand Estonians sing banned anthems together: dissent becomes massive.
1989 Ereignis Europäischer Aufbau Ungarn
Pan-European Picnic
On 19 August Hungary opens its border with Austria: the first breach in the Iron Curtain.
1989 Ereignis Europäischer Aufbau
Fall of the Berlin Wall
9 November opens German reunification and, in time, that of the continent.
1989 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Litauen
Baltic Way
Two million people form a human chain from Tallinn to Vilnius.
1989 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Tschechien
Velvet Revolution
In a few weeks and without violence the regime falls; Václav Havel becomes president.
1989 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Rumänien
December revolution
The only violent fall of a European communist regime; Ceaușescu is executed on 25 December.
1990 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Deutschland
German reunification
A year after the Wall fell, the five eastern Länder join the Federal Republic and the European Community.
1990 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Litauen
Independence restored
On 11 March Lithuania is the first republic to leave the USSR.
1991 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Kroatien
Independence of Croatia
The declaration of 25 June opens four years of war on Croatian territory.
1991 Krieg Zeitgeschichte Slowenien
Ten-Day War
Slovenia leaves Yugoslavia after the shortest of the decade’s conflicts.
1991 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Lettland
Independence of Latvia restored
After the Singing Revolution, Latvia regains its sovereignty.
1991 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Estland
Independence of Estonia restored
On 20 August Estonia again proclaims its sovereignty.
1991 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Ukraine
Independence of Ukraine
More than 90 % of voters approve leaving the USSR on 1 December.
1991 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Albanien
End of the communist regime
After forty-seven years of isolation, pluralism is restored.
1991 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Nordmazedonien
Peaceful independence
The only Yugoslav republic to separate without war.
1991 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Moldau
Independence of Moldova
The republic proclaims sovereignty on 27 August, days after the Moscow putsch.
1991 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Belarus
Independence of Belarus
The Belavezha Accords, signed in Belarus, formalise the dissolution of the USSR.