1602 Institution Frühe Neuzeit Niederlande
First joint-stock company
The East India Company and the Amsterdam Exchange invent financial capitalism.
Eine gemeinsame Geschichte
Der europäische Aufbau begann nicht 1950. Dieser Faden verbindet das antike Erbe, die jüdisch-christliche Matrix und die heutige Union.
326
Ereignisse
3600 v. Chr.
ältester Eintrag
46
vertretene Länder
0
bereits diskutiert
Dichte der Ereignisse
Vor 1500 ein Jahrhundert pro Balken, danach ein Jahrzehnt: Archive verteilen sich ungleich.
1600 :
2 Ereignisse
1620 :
1 Ereignis
1630 :
3 Ereignisse
1640 :
2 Ereignisse
1670 :
1 Ereignis
1680 :
3 Ereignisse
1710 :
2 Ereignisse
1730 :
1 Ereignis
1750 :
1 Ereignis
1760 :
1 Ereignis
1780 :
1 Ereignis
1790 :
1 Ereignis
1800 :
3 Ereignisse
1810 :
5 Ereignisse
1830 :
3 Ereignisse
1840 :
5 Ereignisse
1850 :
1 Ereignis
1860 :
7 Ereignisse
1870 :
6 Ereignisse
1900 :
4 Ereignisse
1910 :
9 Ereignisse
1920 :
1 Ereignis
Antikes Griechenland
Frühmittelalter
Renaissance
Aufklärung
Europäisches Konzert
Europäische Einigung
Rom
Hoch- und Spätmittelalter
Reformation und Religionskriege
Zeitalter der Revolutionen
Weltkriege
Kalter Krieg
1600
1764
1929
63 Ereignisse
1600 1699
Reformation und Religionskriege 12 Ereignisse1607 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Andorra Frankreich
Co-principality confirmed
Henry IV rules that the king of France, later the head of state, will be co-prince.
1620 Krieg Frühe Neuzeit Tschechien
Battle of White Mountain
Protestant defeat opens three centuries of Habsburg domination over Bohemia.
1631 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit San Marino
Papal recognition
The Holy See formally recognises the republic’s independence.
1632 Institution Frühe Neuzeit Estland
University of Tartu
Gustavus Adolphus founds the university that will train the Baltic’s scholarly elite.
1632 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Schweden
Gustavus Adolphus at Lützen
Death of the “Lion of the North”, who had made Sweden the dominant Baltic power.
1648 Vertrag Frühe Neuzeit Deutschland
Peace of Westphalia
The end of the Thirty Years’ War enshrines state sovereignty and invents modern European diplomacy.
1648 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Niederlande
Independence of the Netherlands recognised
The Peace of Münster confirms the United Provinces as a fully fledged European power.
1670 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Niederlande
Spinoza and tolerance
The Theological-Political Treatise founds historical criticism of the Bible and argues for freedom of thought.
1683 Krieg Frühe Neuzeit Österreich
Siege of Vienna
The Christian coalition breaks the Ottoman offensive: the ebb begins in Central Europe.
1685 Text Frühe Neuzeit Lettland
Bible in Latvian
Ernst Glück’s translation fixes the written language and spreads reading through the parishes.
1688 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Vereinigtes Königreich
Glorious Revolution
The Bill of Rights subjects the crown to Parliament: the matrix of parliamentary government.
1700 1799
Aufklärung 7 Ereignisse1710 Text Frühe Neuzeit Ukraine
Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk
The Cossack text separates powers and limits the hetman: one of Europe’s oldest.
1719 Institution Frühe Neuzeit Liechtenstein
Creation of the principality
Emperor Charles VI raises the two lordships into an imperial principality.
1739 Text Frühe Neuzeit Estland
Bible in Estonian
The complete translation fixes the literary language and accelerates rural literacy.
1755 Katastrophe Frühe Neuzeit Portugal
Lisbon earthquake
The disaster inspires Voltaire and Kant: the problem of evil becomes central to the Enlightenment.
1766 Text Frühe Neuzeit Schweden
First freedom of the press act
Sweden adopts the world’s first law guaranteeing public access to official documents.
1789 Text Frühe Neuzeit Frankreich
Declaration of the Rights of Man
The Assembly proclaims universal rights. The political vocabulary of contemporary Europe flows directly from it.
1791 Text Frühe Neuzeit Polen
Constitution of 3 May
Europe’s first written constitution, adopted shortly before the country’s third partition.
1800 1824
Zeitalter der Revolutionen 8 Ereignisse1804 Text Frühe Neuzeit Frankreich
Civil Code
Napoleon commissions a synthesis of Roman and customary law, exported from Spain to Poland.
1806 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Liechtenstein
Sovereignty acquired
The dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire leaves Liechtenstein fully sovereign.
1809 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Finnland
Autonomous grand duchy
Attached to Russia, Finland keeps its Swedish laws and develops its institutions.
1812 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Moldau
Annexation of Bessarabia
Russia takes the eastern half of the principality at the Treaty of Bucharest.
1814 Text Frühe Neuzeit Norwegen
Eidsvoll Constitution
On 17 May Norway adopts one of the most liberal constitutions of its time.
1814 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Schweden
Beginning of neutrality
Sweden’s last war. Two centuries of non-alignment begin.
1815 Vertrag Frühe Neuzeit Österreich
Congress of Vienna
Metternich reorganises post-Napoleonic Europe: the continent’s first collective security system.
1815 Institution Frühe Neuzeit Luxemburg Niederlande
Creation of the Grand Duchy
The Congress of Vienna makes Luxembourg a sovereign state in personal union with the Netherlands.
1825 1849
Europäisches Konzert 8 Ereignisse1830 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Griechenland
Greek independence
Backed by European philhellenism, Greece becomes a state again after four Ottoman centuries.
1830 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Belgien
Belgian independence
The Brussels revolution creates a constitutional kingdom, neutral and guaranteed by the powers.
1835 Text Frühe Neuzeit Finnland
Publication of the Kalevala
Lönnrot compiles the national epic, the foundation of the Finnish cultural awakening.
1843 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Slowakei
Codification of Slovak
Ľudovít Štúr fixes the literary standard, a precondition of modern nationhood.
1845 Katastrophe Frühe Neuzeit Irland
The Great Famine
A million dead, two million exiled: the island’s population has never recovered.
1848 Text Frühe Neuzeit Schweiz
Federal Constitution
After a brief civil war, Switzerland becomes a federal state with direct democracy.
1848 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Slowenien
United Slovenia programme
The springtime of peoples sees the first national political claim formulated.
1849 Text Frühe Neuzeit Dänemark
Liberal constitution
Absolutism ends; Denmark becomes a constitutional monarchy.
1850 1874
Europäisches Konzert 10 Ereignisse1859 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Rumänien
Union of the principalities
Cuza is elected in both Iași and Bucharest: modern Romania appears on the map.
1861 Vertrag Frühe Neuzeit Monaco
Franco-Monegasque treaty
Monaco cedes Menton and Roquebrune and sees its independence recognised.
1861 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Italien
Italian unification
The Risorgimento produces the Kingdom of Italy; Rome joins in 1870, ending the Papal States.
1863 Institution Frühe Neuzeit Schweiz
Founding of the Red Cross
Henry Dunant creates in Geneva the institution that will give birth to humanitarian law.
1863 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Monaco
Monte-Carlo Casino
The Société des bains de mer turns a poor rock into a European destination.
1864 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Litauen
Ban on the Lithuanian press
Forty years of book smuggling keep the language alive.
1867 Vertrag Frühe Neuzeit Ungarn
Austro-Hungarian Compromise
Budapest becomes the second capital of an empire of fifty million people.
1867 Vertrag Frühe Neuzeit Luxemburg
Treaty of London
The fortress is dismantled and the country’s neutrality guaranteed by the powers.
1871 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Deutschland
Proclamation of the German Empire
At Versailles, Bismarck completes unification. A first-rank industrial power arises at the centre of the continent.
1873 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Lettland
First song festival
Dozens of choirs gather in Riga: song becomes the nation’s political expression.
1875 1899
Europäisches Konzert 4 Ereignisse1878 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Montenegro
Independence of Montenegro recognised
The Congress of Berlin confirms a state the Ottomans had never fully subdued.
1878 Vertrag Frühe Neuzeit Bulgarien
Treaty of Berlin
An autonomous Bulgarian principality is reborn after the Russo-Turkish war.
1878 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Serbien
Independence of Serbia recognised
The Congress of Berlin confirms Serbian sovereignty after four Ottoman centuries.
1878 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Bosnien und Herzegowina
Austro-Hungarian administration
The Congress of Berlin entrusts Bosnia to Vienna, which annexes it in 1908.
1900 1924
Europäisches Konzert 14 Ereignisse1900 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Österreich
Vienna 1900
Freud, Klimt, Mahler, Wittgenstein: the capital becomes the laboratory of European modernity.
1903 Krieg Frühe Neuzeit Nordmazedonien
Ilinden Uprising
The revolt against the Ottomans becomes the founding reference of the Macedonian state.
1905 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Norwegen Schweden
Independence of Norway
The union with Sweden is peacefully dissolved after a massive referendum.
1906 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Finnland
Universal suffrage
Finland is the first country in Europe to grant women both the vote and eligibility for office.
1910 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Portugal
Proclamation of the Republic in Portugal
The monarchy falls; the instability that follows will open the way to the Estado Novo.
1912 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Albanien
Independence of Albania
Proclaimed at Vlora on 28 November, at the end of the Balkan wars.
1918 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Tschechien
Birth of Czechoslovakia
Masaryk founds a parliamentary democracy that will remain unique in Central Europe.
1918 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Rumänien
Greater Romania
Union with Transylvania and Bessarabia doubles the territory and population.
1918 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Lettland
Proclamation of independence
On 18 November the Republic of Latvia is proclaimed in Riga.
1918 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Estland
Independence of Estonia
Proclaimed on 24 February, it is successfully defended in the war of liberation.
1918 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Montenegro
End of the kingdom
Montenegro is absorbed into the kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
1918 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Moldau Rumänien
Union with Romania
The Sfatul Țării votes for union, annulled by the USSR in 1940.
1918 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Slowenien
Entry into Yugoslavia
The fall of Austria-Hungary brings Slovenia into the kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
1920 Vertrag Frühe Neuzeit Ungarn
Treaty of Trianon
Hungary loses two-thirds of its territory; three million Magyars become minorities.