1815 Treaty

Congress of Vienna

Name: Congress of Vienna
Start: 1815

Metternich reorganises post-Napoleonic Europe: the continent’s first collective security system.

What leads to what

Declared chains of causation — debatable, like any reading of history.

Upstream

echoes Peace of Westphalia 1648 Deux fois l’Europe se donne un ordre après une guerre générale.

Downstream

responds to Declaration of the Rights of Man 1789 Les monarchies réunies à Vienne organisent le retour de ce que 1789 avait défait.

Meanwhile, elsewhere

Within twenty-five years of 1815 — the context national timelines leave out.

1 year earlier Eidsvoll Constitution Norway
3 years earlier Annexation of Bessarabia Moldova
9 years earlier Sovereignty acquired Liechtenstein
11 years earlier Civil Code France
15 years later Belgian independence Belgium
15 years later Greek independence Greece
24 years earlier Constitution of 3 May Poland
same year Creation of the Grand Duchy Luxembourg

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Which long period

Periods overlap: they are landmarks, not boxes.

Concert of Europe 1815 – 1914 A century without general war, and the empires preparing one.
Age of revolutions 1789 – 1848 Popular sovereignty, nations, constitutions.

Countries involved

Austria

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What was written of it

Europe will not be made all at once, or according to a single plan. It will be built through concrete achievements which first create a de facto solidarity.

Déclaration du 9 mai 1950 1950

Schuman Declaration, Salon de l’Horloge, Paris