1262 Treaty Middle Ages Iceland Norway
Old Covenant
Iceland recognises the sovereignty of the king of Norway; the free state ends.
A shared history
European construction did not begin in 1950. This thread links the ancient inheritance, the Judeo-Christian matrix and the contemporary Union.
326
events
3600 BC
earliest marker
46
countries covered
0
already discussed
Event density
One century per bar before 1500, one decade after: archives are not evenly spread.
1200 :
2 events
1300 :
2 events
1560 :
1 event
1580 :
1 event
1600 :
1 event
1640 :
1 event
1810 :
1 event
1860 :
3 events
1870 :
1 event
1920 :
1 event
1950 :
2 events
1960 :
2 events
1970 :
1 event
1980 :
2 events
1990 :
3 events
2000 :
2 events
2010 :
3 events
2020 :
2 events
Ancient Greece
Early Middle Ages
Renaissance
Enlightenment
Concert of Europe
European integration
Rome
High and Late Middle Ages
Reformation and wars of religion
Age of revolutions
World wars
Cold War
1200
1614
2029
31 events
1200 1299
High and Late Middle Ages 2 events1291 Treaty Middle Ages Switzerland
Federal Charter
Three Alpine valleys swear mutual assistance: the founding act of the Confederation.
1300 1399
High and Late Middle Ages 2 events1397 Treaty Middle Ages Denmark
Kalmar Union
The three Scandinavian kingdoms are united under a single crown for more than a century.
1397 Treaty Middle Ages Norway
Kalmar Union
Norway enters a Scandinavian union dominated by Denmark for four centuries.
1500 1599
Renaissance 2 events1569 Treaty Renaissance and Reformations Poland Lithuania
Union of Lublin
Poland and Lithuania form a joint Commonwealth: elective monarchy and a powerful parliament.
1588 Treaty Renaissance and Reformations Belarus
Statute of Lithuania
A code in the Ruthenian language, among the most advanced in Europe of its time.
1600 1699
Reformation and wars of religion 2 events1600 Treaty Renaissance and Reformations Romania
Union under Michael the Brave
A brief union of the three principalities, later the founding symbol of Romanian unity.
1648 Treaty Early modern period Germany
Peace of Westphalia
The end of the Thirty Years’ War enshrines state sovereignty and invents modern European diplomacy.
1800 1824
Age of revolutions 1 event1815 Treaty Early modern period Austria
Congress of Vienna
Metternich reorganises post-Napoleonic Europe: the continent’s first collective security system.
1850 1874
Concert of Europe 3 events1861 Treaty Early modern period Monaco
Franco-Monegasque treaty
Monaco cedes Menton and Roquebrune and sees its independence recognised.
1867 Treaty Early modern period Hungary
Austro-Hungarian Compromise
Budapest becomes the second capital of an empire of fifty million people.
1867 Treaty Early modern period Luxembourg
Treaty of London
The fortress is dismantled and the country’s neutrality guaranteed by the powers.
1875 1899
Concert of Europe 1 event1878 Treaty Early modern period Bulgaria
Treaty of Berlin
An autonomous Bulgarian principality is reborn after the Russo-Turkish war.
1900 1924
Concert of Europe 1 event1920 Treaty Early modern period Hungary
Treaty of Trianon
Hungary loses two-thirds of its territory; three million Magyars become minorities.
1950 1974
European integration 4 events1951 Treaty European construction
Treaty of Paris — ECSC
Six states create the European Coal and Steel Community, the continent’s first supranational institution.
1955 Treaty Contemporary period Austria
Austrian State Treaty
The four powers withdraw; Austria proclaims perpetual neutrality.
1963 Treaty European construction France
Élysée Treaty
De Gaulle and Adenauer seal Franco-German reconciliation, the institutional engine of integration.
1963 Treaty European construction Türkiye
Ankara Agreement
Association with the EEC explicitly envisages an accession perspective.
1975 1999
European integration 6 events1975 Treaty European construction Finland
Helsinki Final Act
Thirty-five states sign a text placing human rights at the heart of détente.
1985 Treaty European construction
Schengen Agreement
Five states sign on the Moselle an agreement progressively abolishing internal border controls.
1986 Treaty European construction
Single European Act
The internal market is scheduled for 1993 and qualified majority voting extended.
1992 Treaty European construction
Maastricht Treaty
The European Union is created, with European citizenship and the timetable for the single currency.
1998 Treaty Contemporary period Ireland
Good Friday Agreement
Thirty years of conflict end; the Irish border becomes invisible.
1999 Treaty European construction Türkiye
Candidate status for Türkiye
The Helsinki European Council recognises Türkiye as a candidate country.
2000 2024
European integration 7 events2002 Treaty Contemporary period Monaco France
Friendship treaty with France
The text modernises the bilateral relationship and secures dynastic succession.
2009 Treaty European construction
Treaty of Lisbon
The Charter of Fundamental Rights becomes binding; Parliament becomes a full co-legislator.
2011 Treaty European construction Andorra
Monetary agreement with the EU
The principality is authorised to mint its own euro coins.
2012 Treaty European construction Serbia
Candidate status for Serbia
Serbia becomes a Union candidate; negotiations open in 2014.
2018 Treaty European construction North Macedonia Greece
Prespa Agreement
The compromise with Greece over the name unlocks thirty years of diplomatic deadlock.
2022 Treaty European construction Ukraine
Candidate status for Ukraine
Four months after the Russian invasion began, the European Council grants candidate status.
2022 Treaty European construction Moldova
Candidate status for Moldova
On 23 June Moldova becomes a Union candidate at the same time as Ukraine.