1517 Text Renaissance and Reformations Germany
Luther’s 95 Theses
At Wittenberg, Luther challenges indulgences. His German Bible founds the modern language and fractures Western Christendom.
A shared history
European construction did not begin in 1950. This thread links the ancient inheritance, the Judeo-Christian matrix and the contemporary Union.
326
events
3600 BC
earliest marker
46
countries covered
0
already discussed
Event density
One century per bar before 1500, one decade after: archives are not evenly spread.
1510 :
2 events
1520 :
2 events
1530 :
6 events
1540 :
1 event
1550 :
1 event
1560 :
3 events
1570 :
3 events
1580 :
2 events
1600 :
3 events
1620 :
1 event
1630 :
3 events
1640 :
2 events
Ancient Greece
Early Middle Ages
Renaissance
Enlightenment
Concert of Europe
European integration
Rome
High and Late Middle Ages
Reformation and wars of religion
Age of revolutions
World wars
Cold War
1510
1579
1649
29 events
1500 1599
Renaissance 20 events1517 Text Renaissance and Reformations Belarus
Skaryna’s Bible
The first book printed in Ruthenian appears in Prague, a year after Erasmus.
1523 Event Renaissance and Reformations Sweden
Gustav Vasa
Break with Denmark and with Rome: the birth of the modern Lutheran Swedish state.
1526 Event Renaissance and Reformations Hungary
Disaster of Mohács
The Hungarian army is annihilated by Suleiman. The kingdom is partitioned for 150 years.
1534 Event Renaissance and Reformations United Kingdom
Act of Supremacy
Henry VIII breaks with Rome and declares himself head of the Church of England.
1536 Religion Renaissance and Reformations Denmark
Lutheran Reformation
The Church becomes a state Church; universal religious instruction prepares national literacy.
1536 Event Renaissance and Reformations Switzerland
Calvin in Geneva
The Institutes of the Christian Religion make Geneva a centre of the European Reformation.
1536 Event Renaissance and Reformations Slovakia
Pressburg, capital of Hungary
After Mohács, Bratislava becomes capital and coronation city of the Hungarian kingdom.
1539 Institution Renaissance and Reformations Spain
School of Salamanca
Francisco de Vitoria founds modern international law by questioning the legitimacy of conquest.
1539 Text Renaissance and Reformations France
Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts
Francis I imposes French in public acts: the vernacular supplants Latin in administration.
1548 Text Renaissance and Reformations Finland
The New Testament in Finnish
Mikael Agricola creates written Finnish so that Scripture is accessible to all.
1550 Event Renaissance and Reformations Slovenia
First books in Slovene
Primož Trubar publishes a catechism and a primer: the birth of the written language.
1565 War Renaissance and Reformations Malta
The Great Siege
The Order of Saint John repels the Ottoman army; all Europe follows the siege.
1566 Event Renaissance and Reformations Bosnia and Herzegovina
Old Bridge of Mostar
The architect Mimar Hayruddin completes a work that became the symbol of Bosnian intermixing.
1569 Treaty Renaissance and Reformations Poland Lithuania
Union of Lublin
Poland and Lithuania form a joint Commonwealth: elective monarchy and a powerful parliament.
1571 War Renaissance and Reformations Cyprus
Ottoman conquest of Cyprus
The fall of Famagusta shortly precedes Lepanto; a Turkish-speaking community settles.
1573 Event Renaissance and Reformations Poland
Warsaw Confederation
The nobility guarantees religious peace while Europe sinks into wars of religion.
1579 Institution Renaissance and Reformations Lithuania
University of Vilnius
A Jesuit foundation, it becomes the intellectual hearth of the grand duchy.
1581 Event Renaissance and Reformations Netherlands
Act of Abjuration
The United Provinces depose their sovereign: one of the first texts asserting that power serves the people.
1588 Treaty Renaissance and Reformations Belarus
Statute of Lithuania
A code in the Ruthenian language, among the most advanced in Europe of its time.
1600 1699
Reformation and wars of religion 9 events1600 Treaty Renaissance and Reformations Romania
Union under Michael the Brave
A brief union of the three principalities, later the founding symbol of Romanian unity.
1602 Institution Early modern period Netherlands
First joint-stock company
The East India Company and the Amsterdam Exchange invent financial capitalism.
1607 Event Early modern period Andorra France
Co-principality confirmed
Henry IV rules that the king of France, later the head of state, will be co-prince.
1620 War Early modern period Czechia
Battle of White Mountain
Protestant defeat opens three centuries of Habsburg domination over Bohemia.
1631 Event Early modern period San Marino
Papal recognition
The Holy See formally recognises the republic’s independence.
1632 Institution Early modern period Estonia
University of Tartu
Gustavus Adolphus founds the university that will train the Baltic’s scholarly elite.
1632 Event Early modern period Sweden
Gustavus Adolphus at Lützen
Death of the “Lion of the North”, who had made Sweden the dominant Baltic power.
1648 Treaty Early modern period Germany
Peace of Westphalia
The end of the Thirty Years’ War enshrines state sovereignty and invents modern European diplomacy.
1648 Event Early modern period Netherlands
Independence of the Netherlands recognised
The Peace of Münster confirms the United Provinces as a fully fledged European power.