Luther’s 95 Theses

Name: Luther’s 95 Theses
Start: 1517

At Wittenberg, Luther challenges indulgences. His German Bible founds the modern language and fractures Western Christendom.

What leads to what

Declared chains of causation — debatable, like any reading of history.

Downstream

leads to Peace of Westphalia 1648 Cent trente ans séparent l’affiche de Wittenberg du traité qui en solde les guerres.

Meanwhile, elsewhere

Within twenty-five years of 1517 — the context national timelines leave out.

19 years earlier Vasco da Gama reaches India Portugal
25 years earlier 1492 Spain
same year Skaryna’s Bible Belarus
1 year earlier Erasmus edits the Greek New Testament Netherlands
1 year earlier Ecclesiastical principality Montenegro
6 years later Gustav Vasa Sweden
9 years later Disaster of Mohács Hungary
11 years earlier Building of St Peter’s Vatican City

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Which long period

Periods overlap: they are landmarks, not boxes.

Renaissance 1400 – 1600 Printing, humanism, and the opening of ocean routes.
Reformation and wars of religion 1517 – 1648 Christendom splits and Europe is redrawn.

Countries involved

Germany

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What was written of it

Before 1914, the earth belonged to all. Everyone went where they wished and stayed as long as they pleased. There were no permits and no authorisations.

Stefan Zweig 1942

The World of Yesterday. Memoirs of a European

Translated by the site, not by the author.