1999 Event
Birth of the euro
Eleven currencies are irrevocably fixed; the European Central Bank takes up its functions.
What leads to what
Declared chains of causation — debatable, like any reading of history.Upstream
- leads to Maastricht Treaty 1992 Sept ans de critères de convergence entre la signature et la monnaie.
Downstream
- leads to Euro notes and coins 2002 La monnaie existe trois ans avant d’être touchée.
- leads to Sovereign debt crisis 2010 Une monnaie commune sans budget commun expose ses membres les plus fragiles.
Meanwhile, elsewhere
Within twenty-five years of 1999 — the context national timelines leave out.- same year NATO intervention Kosovo
- 1 year earlier Good Friday Agreement Ireland
- 4 years earlier Dayton Accords Bosnia and Herzegovina
- 5 years later The big bang enlargement
- 6 years earlier Democratic constitution of Andorra Andorra
- 7 years earlier Maastricht Treaty
- 7 years earlier Bosnian War Bosnia and Herzegovina
- 7 years later Independence referendum Montenegro
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