387 BC Institution Antiquity Greece
Plato’s Academy
The West’s first philosophical institution; Aristotle studies there for twenty years before founding the Lyceum.
A shared history
European construction did not begin in 1950. This thread links the ancient inheritance, the Judeo-Christian matrix and the contemporary Union.
326
events
3600 BC
earliest marker
46
countries covered
0
already discussed
Event density
One century per bar before 1500, one decade after: archives are not evenly spread.
400 BC :
1 event
0 :
1 event
300 :
2 events
800 :
1 event
900 :
2 events
1000 :
2 events
1200 :
3 events
1300 :
2 events
1530 :
1 event
1570 :
1 event
1600 :
1 event
1630 :
1 event
1710 :
1 event
1810 :
1 event
1860 :
1 event
1920 :
1 event
1940 :
1 event
Ancient Greece
Early Middle Ages
Renaissance
Enlightenment
Concert of Europe
European integration
Rome
High and Late Middle Ages
Reformation and wars of religion
Age of revolutions
World wars
Cold War
400 BC
774
1949
23 events
400 BC 301 BC
Ancient Greece 1 event0 99
Rome 1 event14 Institution Antiquity Slovenia
Foundation of Emona
The Roman colony, on the site of Ljubljana, guards the road from Italy to the Danube.
300 399
Rome 2 events301 Institution Christianisation San Marino
Traditional foundation
Marinus, a Dalmatian stonecutter, establishes a Christian community on Mount Titano.
330 Institution Christianisation Greece
Foundation of Constantinople
Constantine moves the imperial capital. A thousand years of Greek-speaking Christian empire begin.
800 899
Early Middle Ages 1 event886 Institution Christianisation North Macedonia
School of Ohrid
Clement and Naum train thousands of clerics there and spread Slavic writing.
900 999
Early Middle Ages 2 events930 Institution Middle Ages Iceland
Foundation of the Althing
At Þingvellir the world’s oldest still-functioning parliament is born.
963 Institution Middle Ages Luxembourg
Foundation of Lucilinburhuc
Siegfried acquires a rock on the Alzette: the castle will give the country its name.
1000 1099
High and Late Middle Ages 2 events1085 Institution Middle Ages Spain
Capture of Toledo and school of translators
The reconquered city becomes the workshop where the West recovers Greek science via Arabic and Hebrew.
1088 Institution Middle Ages Italy
University of Bologna
Europe’s oldest university is born around the study of the Digest: Roman law becomes a living science again.
1200 1299
High and Late Middle Ages 3 events1201 Institution Christianisation Latvia
Foundation of Riga
Bishop Albert establishes a mission city that will become the metropolis of the eastern Baltic.
1219 Institution Christianisation Estonia
Foundation of Tallinn
The Danish crusade establishes a fortress; the town will join the Hanse.
1290 Institution Middle Ages Portugal
University of Coimbra
Founded by King Dinis, it transmits canon and Roman law to the whole Lusophone world.
1300 1399
High and Late Middle Ages 2 events1348 Institution Middle Ages Czechia
Charles University
Charles IV founds Central Europe’s first university and makes Prague the capital of the Holy Roman Empire.
1364 Institution Middle Ages Poland
University of Kraków
Casimir the Great founds one of Central Europe’s oldest universities; Copernicus will study there.
1500 1599
Renaissance 2 events1539 Institution Renaissance and Reformations Spain
School of Salamanca
Francisco de Vitoria founds modern international law by questioning the legitimacy of conquest.
1579 Institution Renaissance and Reformations Lithuania
University of Vilnius
A Jesuit foundation, it becomes the intellectual hearth of the grand duchy.
1600 1699
Reformation and wars of religion 2 events1602 Institution Early modern period Netherlands
First joint-stock company
The East India Company and the Amsterdam Exchange invent financial capitalism.
1632 Institution Early modern period Estonia
University of Tartu
Gustavus Adolphus founds the university that will train the Baltic’s scholarly elite.
1700 1799
Enlightenment 1 event1719 Institution Early modern period Liechtenstein
Creation of the principality
Emperor Charles VI raises the two lordships into an imperial principality.
1800 1824
Age of revolutions 1 event1815 Institution Early modern period Luxembourg Netherlands
Creation of the Grand Duchy
The Congress of Vienna makes Luxembourg a sovereign state in personal union with the Netherlands.
1850 1874
Concert of Europe 1 event1863 Institution Early modern period Switzerland
Founding of the Red Cross
Henry Dunant creates in Geneva the institution that will give birth to humanitarian law.
1900 1924
Concert of Europe 1 event1923 Institution Contemporary period Türkiye
Founding of the Republic
Mustafa Kemal launches rapid Westernisation: Latin alphabet, Swiss civil code, secularism.
1925 1949
World wars 1 event1949 Institution European construction
Council of Europe
Ten states found in London the first European political organisation, matrix of the Convention on Human Rights.