Debt
What the state owes, to whom, at what maturity and at what price.
Public debt, % of GDP
56.2 %
European Union 82.9 %
−26.7 %
Public debt, in euros
54.7 bn €
10-year borrowing rate
3.6 %
European Union 4.2 %
−0.6 %
The rate at which the state borrows today, on the markets. It applies only to new debt.
Apparent cost of debt
2.6 %
What already-contracted debt actually costs: long debt still carries the rates of ten years ago, and takes just as long to absorb today’s.
Interest burden, % of GDP
1.4 %
European Union 1.9 %
−0.5 %
Government balance, % of GDP
-3.0 %
European Union -3.1 %
+0.1 %
A negative balance is a deficit. The figure covers general government — central, regional, local and social security — never the central budget alone.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Held abroad 29,3 % 15.4 bn € 16.5 %
- Central bank 2,8 % 1.5 bn € 1.6 %
- Banks and money-market funds 33,7 % 17.6 bn € 19.0 %
- Insurers and pension funds 24,7 % 12.9 bn € 13.9 %
- Non-financial corporations 0,2 % 85 m € 0.1 %
- Households 9,2 % 4.9 bn € 5.2 %
- Under one year 10,3 % 5.4 bn € 5.8 %
- 1 to 5 years 6,0 % 3.2 bn € 3.4 %
- 5 to 10 years 24,7 % 12.9 bn € 13.9 %
- 10 to 30 years 58,6 % 30.7 bn € 33.0 %
- Over 30 years 0,4 % 205 m € 0.2 %
- Currency and deposits 0,2 % 70 m € 0.1 %
- Debt securities 73,7 % 38.6 bn € 41.1 %
- Loans 26,2 % 13.7 bn € 14.6 %
Output
What the country produces in a year, where that demand comes from, and how the product is shared out.
Gross domestic product
94.0 bn €
GDP growth
3.5 %
European Union 1.4 %
+2.1 %
GDP per head (EU = 100)
78.4
European Union 100.0
−21.6
Adjusted for price differences between countries: one hundred means “the EU average”. Without that adjustment, comparing a Bulgarian wage with a Danish one means nothing.
Government consumption, % of GDP
24.0 %
European Union 21.5 %
+2.5 %
What the state consumes itself — schools, hospitals, administration. Not its transfers, its investment or its debt: total public spending is far higher.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Household consumption 52.8 bn €
- Government consumption 22.6 bn €
- Investment 22.2 bn €
- Change in inventories 1.7 bn €
- Exports 45.1 bn €
- Imports (subtracted) 50.3 bn €
- Wages and contributions 45.8 bn € 48,7 %
- Profits and mixed income 32.1 bn € 34,2 %
- Net taxes on products 16.0 bn € 17,1 %
Budget
What the state spends, on which functions, through which level of government.
Government spending, % of GDP
48.0 %
European Union 48.8 %
−0.8 %
Government spending, in euros
41.2 bn €
This country European Union
- General public services 5.5 % 4.8 bn € 11,5 %
- Defence 1.5 % 1.3 bn € 3,1 %
- Public order and safety 2.4 % 2.1 bn € 5,0 %
- Economic affairs 6.4 % 5.5 bn € 13,3 %
- Environment 1.2 % 1.1 bn € 2,5 %
- Housing and amenities 1.5 % 1.3 bn € 3,1 %
- Health 9.0 % 7.7 bn € 18,8 %
- Recreation, culture and religion 1.7 % 1.4 bn € 3,5 %
- Education 5.0 % 4.3 bn € 10,4 %
- Social protection 13.8 % 11.9 bn € 28,8 %
- Police 1.5 % 1.3 bn € 65,2 %
- Civil protection 0.2 % 159 m € 8,7 %
- Courts 0.5 % 399 m € 21,7 %
- Prisons 0.1 % 118 m € 4,3 %
- Research (order and safety) 0.0 % 12 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 32.9 % 28.3 bn € 53,1 %
- Local government 11.8 % 10.1 bn € 19,0 %
- Social security 17.3 % 14.8 bn € 27,9 %
- Wages and contributions 13.0 % 11.2 bn € 28,4 %
- Goods and services bought 7.6 % 6.5 bn € 16,6 %
- Social benefits 14.9 % 12.8 bn € 32,5 %
- Subsidies 1.6 % 1.4 bn € 3,5 %
- Property income 1.6 % 1.3 bn € 3,5 %
- Investment 5.1 % 4.4 bn € 11,1 %
- Other transfers 2.0 % 1.7 bn € 4,4 %
Revenue
What the state levies, on what, and who collects it.
Total tax burden, % of GDP
38.9 %
European Union 40.7 %
−1.8 %
Taxes and social contributions together, including the share that goes to the Union.
Taxes, in euros
36.6 bn €
VAT, % of GDP
13.3 %
European Union 7.2 %
+6.1 %
Income taxes, % of GDP
7.1 %
European Union 12.8 %
−5.7 %
Social contributions, % of GDP
12.1 %
European Union 14.3 %
−2.2 %
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- VAT 13.3 % 12.5 bn € 34,2 %
- Other taxes on products 4.5 % 4.3 bn € 11,6 %
- Other taxes on production 1.2 % 1.1 bn € 3,1 %
- Income taxes 7.1 % 6.7 bn € 18,3 %
- Other current taxes 0.7 % 638 m € 1,8 %
- Social contributions 12.1 % 11.4 bn € 31,1 %
- Capital taxes 0.0 % 2 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 21.2 % 19.9 bn € 54,5 %
- Local government 5.5 % 5.2 bn € 14,1 %
- Social security 12.1 % 11.4 bn € 31,1 %
- European Union 0.1 % 94 m € 0,3 %
Justice
Prisoners, prison places, judicial staff and homicides.
Prisoners per 100,000 people
128.6
The number of people held, including those awaiting trial. A country that judges slowly locks up more people who have not been convicted.
People held in prison
4,965
Police officers per 100,000 people
521.7
Prison staff per 100,000 people
65.2
Judges per 100,000 people
43.3
Homicides per 100,000 people
1.0
- Nationals 3,885 78,2 %
- Foreigners 1,080 21,8 %
Read alongside the share of foreigners in the population, which varies widely, and the fact that a non-resident is more often held on remand for want of guarantees of appearance.
- Men 4,681 94,3 %
- Women 284 5,7 %
Society
Population, employment, prices, poverty and inequality.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union