Debt
What the state owes, to whom, at what maturity and at what price.
Public debt, % of GDP
90.2 %
European Union 82.9 %
+7.3 %
Public debt, in euros
259.6 bn €
10-year borrowing rate
3.8 %
European Union 4.2 %
−0.4 %
The rate at which the state borrows today, on the markets. It applies only to new debt.
Apparent cost of debt
1.9 %
What already-contracted debt actually costs: long debt still carries the rates of ten years ago, and takes just as long to absorb today’s.
Interest burden, % of GDP
1.6 %
European Union 1.9 %
−0.3 %
Government balance, % of GDP
-3.8 %
European Union -3.1 %
−0.7 %
A negative balance is a deficit. The figure covers general government — central, regional, local and social security — never the central budget alone.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Held abroad 61,1 % 151.9 bn € 54.1 %
- Central bank 16,6 % 41.3 bn € 14.7 %
- Banks and money-market funds 18,8 % 46.5 bn € 16.6 %
- Insurers and pension funds 2,3 % 5.5 bn € 2.0 %
- Firms and households 1,2 % 3.2 bn € 1.1 %
- Under one year 10,3 % 25.5 bn € 9.1 %
- Over one year 89,8 % 223.0 bn € 79.5 %
- Currency and deposits 0,3 % 978 m € 0.3 %
- Debt securities 75,9 % 189.2 bn € 67.1 %
- Loans 23,8 % 59.0 bn € 21.0 %
Output
What the country produces in a year, where that demand comes from, and how the product is shared out.
Gross domestic product
281.8 bn €
GDP growth
0.8 %
European Union 1.4 %
−0.6 %
GDP per head (EU = 100)
100.7
European Union 100.0
+0.7
Adjusted for price differences between countries: one hundred means “the EU average”. Without that adjustment, comparing a Bulgarian wage with a Danish one means nothing.
Government consumption, % of GDP
25.8 %
European Union 21.5 %
+4.3 %
What the state consumes itself — schools, hospitals, administration. Not its transfers, its investment or its debt: total public spending is far higher.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Household consumption 142.2 bn €
- Government consumption 72.8 bn €
- Investment 61.7 bn €
- Change in inventories 1.5 bn €
- Exports 120.7 bn €
- Imports (subtracted) 116.5 bn €
- Wages and contributions 137.3 bn € 48,7 %
- Profits and mixed income 108.9 bn € 38,7 %
- Net taxes on products 35.6 bn € 12,6 %
Budget
What the state spends, on which functions, through which level of government.
Government spending, % of GDP
57.7 %
European Union 48.8 %
+8.9 %
Government spending, in euros
159.4 bn €
This country European Union
- General public services 7.1 % 19.7 bn € 12,3 %
- Defence 1.6 % 4.3 bn € 2,8 %
- Public order and safety 1.3 % 3.6 bn € 2,2 %
- Economic affairs 4.9 % 13.5 bn € 8,5 %
- Environment 0.2 % 600 m € 0,3 %
- Housing and amenities 0.5 % 1.5 bn € 0,9 %
- Health 7.7 % 21.3 bn € 13,3 %
- Recreation, culture and religion 1.7 % 4.6 bn € 2,9 %
- Education 6.3 % 17.3 bn € 10,9 %
- Social protection 26.5 % 73.0 bn € 45,8 %
- Police 0.6 % 1.8 bn € 50,0 %
- Civil protection 0.3 % 770 m € 25,0 %
- Courts 0.2 % 660 m € 16,7 %
- Prisons 0.1 % 288 m € 8,3 %
- Research (order and safety) 0.0 % 4 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 33.7 % 92.9 bn € 43,4 %
- Local government 23.7 % 65.3 bn € 30,5 %
- Social security 20.2 % 55.6 bn € 26,0 %
- Wages and contributions 13.4 % 37.0 bn € 23,4 %
- Goods and services bought 11.7 % 32.3 bn € 20,4 %
- Social benefits 22.5 % 62.2 bn € 39,3 %
- Subsidies 1.2 % 3.2 bn € 2,1 %
- Property income 1.6 % 4.4 bn € 2,8 %
- Investment 4.5 % 12.3 bn € 7,9 %
- Other transfers 2.4 % 6.7 bn € 4,2 %
Revenue
What the state levies, on what, and who collects it.
Total tax burden, % of GDP
42.5 %
European Union 40.7 %
+1.8 %
Taxes and social contributions together, including the share that goes to the Union.
Taxes, in euros
119.6 bn €
VAT, % of GDP
9.6 %
European Union 7.2 %
+2.4 %
Income taxes, % of GDP
15.6 %
European Union 12.8 %
+2.8 %
Social contributions, % of GDP
12.1 %
European Union 14.3 %
−2.2 %
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- VAT 9.6 % 27.1 bn € 22,6 %
- Other taxes on products 3.4 % 9.5 bn € 8,0 %
- Other taxes on production 1.0 % 3.0 bn € 2,4 %
- Income taxes 15.6 % 43.9 bn € 36,8 %
- Other current taxes 0.3 % 862 m € 0,7 %
- Social contributions 12.1 % 34.1 bn € 28,5 %
- Capital taxes 0.4 % 1.1 bn € 0,9 %
- Central government 25.3 % 71.2 bn € 59,5 %
- Local government 5.0 % 14.1 bn € 11,8 %
- Social security 12.1 % 34.1 bn € 28,5 %
- European Union 0.1 % 189 m € 0,2 %
Justice
Prisoners, prison places, judicial staff and homicides.
Prisoners per 100,000 people
56.9
The number of people held, including those awaiting trial. A country that judges slowly locks up more people who have not been convicted.
People held in prison
3,187
Police officers per 100,000 people
139.4
Prison staff per 100,000 people
37.1
Judges per 100,000 people
19.4
Homicides per 100,000 people
0.9
- Nationals 2,444 76,7 %
- Foreigners 743 23,3 %
Read alongside the share of foreigners in the population, which varies widely, and the fact that a non-resident is more often held on remand for want of guarantees of appearance.
- Men 2,950 92,6 %
- Women 237 7,4 %
Society
Population, employment, prices, poverty and inequality.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union