Debt
What the state owes, to whom, at what maturity and at what price.
Public debt, % of GDP
119.1 %
European Union 82.9 %
+36.2 %
Public debt, in euros
3,595.5 bn €
10-year borrowing rate
4.4 %
European Union 4.2 %
+0.2 %
The rate at which the state borrows today, on the markets. It applies only to new debt.
Apparent cost of debt
1.9 %
What already-contracted debt actually costs: long debt still carries the rates of ten years ago, and takes just as long to absorb today’s.
Interest burden, % of GDP
2.2 %
European Union 1.9 %
+0.3 %
Government balance, % of GDP
-5.1 %
European Union -3.1 %
−2.0 %
A negative balance is a deficit. The figure covers general government — central, regional, local and social security — never the central budget alone.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Held abroad 54,3 % 1,880.2 bn € 62.8 %
- Central bank 16,5 % 571.6 bn € 19.1 %
- Banks and money-market funds 16,8 % 579.6 bn € 19.4 %
- Insurers and pension funds 11,2 % 390.5 bn € 13.0 %
- Firms and households 1,1 % 38.6 bn € 1.3 %
- Under one year 9,4 % 327.8 bn € 10.9 %
- Over one year 90,5 % 3,132.7 bn € 104.6 %
- Currency and deposits 1,2 % 42.8 bn € 1.4 %
- Debt securities 89,5 % 3,096.2 bn € 103.5 %
- Loans 9,3 % 321.1 bn € 10.7 %
Output
What the country produces in a year, where that demand comes from, and how the product is shared out.
Gross domestic product
2,991.1 bn €
GDP growth
0.8 %
European Union 1.4 %
−0.6 %
GDP per head (EU = 100)
97.5
European Union 100.0
−2.5
Adjusted for price differences between countries: one hundred means “the EU average”. Without that adjustment, comparing a Bulgarian wage with a Danish one means nothing.
Government consumption, % of GDP
24.1 %
European Union 21.5 %
+2.6 %
What the state consumes itself — schools, hospitals, administration. Not its transfers, its investment or its debt: total public spending is far higher.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Household consumption 1,615.4 bn €
- Government consumption 719.6 bn €
- Investment 663.6 bn €
- Change in inventories 5.5 bn €
- Exports 1,009.4 bn €
- Imports (subtracted) 1,023.8 bn €
- Wages and contributions 1,536.2 bn € 51,4 %
- Profits and mixed income 1,046.1 bn € 35,0 %
- Net taxes on products 408.8 bn € 13,7 %
Budget
What the state spends, on which functions, through which level of government.
Government spending, % of GDP
57.3 %
European Union 48.8 %
+8.5 %
Government spending, in euros
1,671.8 bn €
This country European Union
- General public services 6.2 % 181.1 bn € 10,8 %
- Defence 1.9 % 54.2 bn € 3,3 %
- Public order and safety 1.8 % 52.1 bn € 3,1 %
- Economic affairs 5.7 % 166.1 bn € 10,0 %
- Environment 1.0 % 30.3 bn € 1,7 %
- Housing and amenities 1.4 % 42.1 bn € 2,4 %
- Health 8.9 % 261.2 bn € 15,6 %
- Recreation, culture and religion 1.5 % 43.1 bn € 2,6 %
- Education 5.1 % 148.6 bn € 8,9 %
- Social protection 23.7 % 693.0 bn € 41,4 %
- Police 1.0 % 28.9 bn € 55,6 %
- Civil protection 0.3 % 7.9 bn € 16,7 %
- Courts 0.3 % 8.3 bn € 16,7 %
- Prisons 0.2 % 5.1 bn € 11,1 %
- Research (order and safety) 0.0 % 0 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 23.0 % 670.3 bn € 37,7 %
- Local government 11.3 % 329.7 bn € 18,5 %
- Social security 26.7 % 778.4 bn € 43,8 %
- Wages and contributions 12.4 % 362.1 bn € 22,5 %
- Goods and services bought 5.5 % 161.1 bn € 10,0 %
- Social benefits 25.6 % 747.6 bn € 46,4 %
- Subsidies 2.0 % 57.7 bn € 3,6 %
- Property income 2.1 % 60.2 bn € 3,8 %
- Investment 4.4 % 129.3 bn € 8,0 %
- Other transfers 3.2 % 93.2 bn € 5,8 %
Revenue
What the state levies, on what, and who collects it.
Total tax burden, % of GDP
46.0 %
European Union 40.7 %
+5.3 %
Taxes and social contributions together, including the share that goes to the Union.
Taxes, in euros
1,376.9 bn €
VAT, % of GDP
7.0 %
European Union 7.2 %
−0.2 %
Income taxes, % of GDP
12.8 %
European Union 12.8 %
+0.0 %
Social contributions, % of GDP
16.7 %
European Union 14.3 %
+2.4 %
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- VAT 7.0 % 208.8 bn € 15,2 %
- Other taxes on products 4.3 % 128.1 bn € 9,3 %
- Other taxes on production 4.4 % 132.8 bn € 9,5 %
- Income taxes 12.8 % 383.3 bn € 27,8 %
- Other current taxes 0.2 % 6.6 bn € 0,4 %
- Social contributions 16.7 % 498.7 bn € 36,2 %
- Capital taxes 0.7 % 21.7 bn € 1,5 %
- Central government 15.3 % 458.0 bn € 33,2 %
- Local government 6.1 % 181.6 bn € 13,2 %
- Social security 24.6 % 734.5 bn € 53,4 %
- European Union 0.1 % 2.9 bn € 0,2 %
Justice
Prisoners, prison places, judicial staff and homicides.
Prisoners per 100,000 people
117.5
The number of people held, including those awaiting trial. A country that judges slowly locks up more people who have not been convicted.
People held in prison
80,669
Police officers per 100,000 people
361.3
Prison staff per 100,000 people
61.2
Judges per 100,000 people
11.2
Homicides per 100,000 people
1.3
- Nationals 60,761 75,3 %
- Foreigners 19,908 24,7 %
Read alongside the share of foreigners in the population, which varies widely, and the fact that a non-resident is more often held on remand for want of guarantees of appearance.
- Men 77,940 96,6 %
- Women 2,729 3,4 %
Society
Population, employment, prices, poverty and inequality.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union