Debt
What the state owes, to whom, at what maturity and at what price.
Public debt, % of GDP
63.4 %
European Union 82.9 %
−19.5 %
Public debt, in euros
2,924.7 bn €
10-year borrowing rate
3.5 %
European Union 4.2 %
−0.7 %
The rate at which the state borrows today, on the markets. It applies only to new debt.
Apparent cost of debt
1.8 %
What already-contracted debt actually costs: long debt still carries the rates of ten years ago, and takes just as long to absorb today’s.
Interest burden, % of GDP
1.1 %
European Union 1.9 %
−0.8 %
Government balance, % of GDP
-2.9 %
European Union -3.1 %
+0.2 %
A negative balance is a deficit. The figure covers general government — central, regional, local and social security — never the central budget alone.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Held abroad 51,3 % 1,456.8 bn € 32.6 %
- Central bank 19,5 % 554.2 bn € 12.4 %
- Banks and money-market funds 17,6 % 499.1 bn € 11.2 %
- Insurers and pension funds 8,8 % 249.8 bn € 5.6 %
- Firms and households 2,8 % 78.4 bn € 1.8 %
- Under one year 7,2 % 205.4 bn € 4.6 %
- Over one year 92,8 % 2,632.8 bn € 58.9 %
- Currency and deposits 0,6 % 18.3 bn € 0.4 %
- Debt securities 78,8 % 2,242.5 bn € 49.5 %
- Loans 20,5 % 585.2 bn € 12.9 %
Output
What the country produces in a year, where that demand comes from, and how the product is shared out.
Gross domestic product
4,529.7 bn €
GDP growth
0.2 %
European Union 1.4 %
−1.2 %
GDP per head (EU = 100)
116.4
European Union 100.0
+16.4
Adjusted for price differences between countries: one hundred means “the EU average”. Without that adjustment, comparing a Bulgarian wage with a Danish one means nothing.
Government consumption, % of GDP
22.4 %
European Union 21.5 %
+0.9 %
What the state consumes itself — schools, hospitals, administration. Not its transfers, its investment or its debt: total public spending is far higher.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Household consumption 2,449.1 bn €
- Government consumption 1,012.8 bn €
- Investment 915.1 bn €
- Change in inventories 31.5 bn €
- Exports 1,816.0 bn €
- Imports (subtracted) 1,715.7 bn €
- Wages and contributions 2,465.6 bn € 54,4 %
- Profits and mixed income 1,654.8 bn € 36,5 %
- Net taxes on products 409.3 bn € 9,0 %
Budget
What the state spends, on which functions, through which level of government.
Government spending, % of GDP
49.4 %
European Union 48.8 %
+0.6 %
Government spending, in euros
2,139.7 bn €
This country European Union
- General public services 6.4 % 277.9 bn € 12,9 %
- Defence 1.4 % 58.6 bn € 2,8 %
- Public order and safety 1.6 % 70.7 bn € 3,2 %
- Economic affairs 5.4 % 234.6 bn € 10,9 %
- Environment 0.6 % 24.5 bn € 1,2 %
- Housing and amenities 0.5 % 20.5 bn € 1,0 %
- Health 7.6 % 329.3 bn € 15,4 %
- Recreation, culture and religion 1.1 % 46.0 bn € 2,2 %
- Education 4.5 % 194.6 bn € 9,1 %
- Social protection 20.4 % 883.2 bn € 41,2 %
- Police 0.8 % 32.6 bn € 50,0 %
- Civil protection 0.3 % 13.7 bn € 18,7 %
- Courts 0.4 % 16.2 bn € 25,0 %
- Prisons 0.1 % 4.3 bn € 6,3 %
- Research (order and safety) 0.0 % 57 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 14.8 % 641.2 bn € 25,1 %
- States and regions 14.3 % 617.0 bn € 24,3 %
- Local government 9.5 % 409.6 bn € 16,1 %
- Social security 20.3 % 877.5 bn € 34,5 %
- Wages and contributions 8.3 % 357.3 bn € 17,4 %
- Goods and services bought 6.5 % 280.4 bn € 13,7 %
- Social benefits 25.3 % 1,096.1 bn € 53,2 %
- Subsidies 1.3 % 54.2 bn € 2,7 %
- Property income 1.1 % 45.8 bn € 2,3 %
- Investment 3.0 % 131.3 bn € 6,3 %
- Other transfers 2.1 % 90.2 bn € 4,4 %
Revenue
What the state levies, on what, and who collects it.
Total tax burden, % of GDP
41.4 %
European Union 40.7 %
+0.7 %
Taxes and social contributions together, including the share that goes to the Union.
Taxes, in euros
1,876.0 bn €
VAT, % of GDP
6.9 %
European Union 7.2 %
−0.3 %
Income taxes, % of GDP
12.3 %
European Union 12.8 %
−0.5 %
Social contributions, % of GDP
18.2 %
European Union 14.3 %
+3.9 %
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- VAT 6.9 % 310.7 bn € 16,9 %
- Other taxes on products 1.8 % 79.7 bn € 4,4 %
- Other taxes on production 0.9 % 40.5 bn € 2,2 %
- Income taxes 12.3 % 555.2 bn € 30,1 %
- Other current taxes 0.4 % 16.4 bn € 1,0 %
- Social contributions 18.2 % 823.1 bn € 44,6 %
- Capital taxes 0.3 % 15.4 bn € 0,7 %
- Central government 10.9 % 494.7 bn € 26,3 %
- States and regions 10.0 % 453.7 bn € 24,2 %
- Local government 3.3 % 147.4 bn € 8,0 %
- Social security 17.1 % 774.2 bn € 41,3 %
- European Union 0.1 % 5.9 bn € 0,2 %
Justice
Prisoners, prison places, judicial staff and homicides.
Prisoners per 100,000 people
70.5
The number of people held, including those awaiting trial. A country that judges slowly locks up more people who have not been convicted.
People held in prison
58,798
Police officers per 100,000 people
320.4
Prison staff per 100,000 people
45.1
Judges per 100,000 people
26.3
Homicides per 100,000 people
0.9
- Men 59,411 94,3 %
- Women 3,609 5,7 %
Society
Population, employment, prices, poverty and inequality.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union