Debt
What the state owes, to whom, at what maturity and at what price.
Public debt, % of GDP
143.5 %
European Union 82.9 %
+60.6 %
Public debt, in euros
360.1 bn €
10-year borrowing rate
3.9 %
European Union 3.9 %
−0.0 %
The rate at which the state borrows today, on the markets. It applies only to new debt.
Apparent cost of debt
2.2 %
What already-contracted debt actually costs: long debt still carries the rates of ten years ago, and takes just as long to absorb today’s.
Interest burden, % of GDP
3.2 %
European Union 1.9 %
+1.3 %
Government balance, % of GDP
1.7 %
European Union -3.1 %
+4.8 %
A negative balance is a deficit. The figure covers general government — central, regional, local and social security — never the central budget alone.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Held abroad 70,8 % 256.9 bn € 103.5 %
- Central bank 10,0 % 36.3 bn € 14.6 %
- Banks and money-market funds 9,4 % 34.2 bn € 13.8 %
- Insurers and pension funds 1,0 % 3.7 bn € 1.5 %
- Non-financial corporations 6,5 % 23.7 bn € 9.5 %
- Households 2,3 % 8.2 bn € 3.3 %
- Under one year 4,4 % 15.8 bn € 6.4 %
- 1 to 5 years 2,7 % 9.6 bn € 3.9 %
- 5 to 10 years 12,2 % 44.2 bn € 17.8 %
- 10 to 30 years 15,7 % 57.0 bn € 23.0 %
- Over 30 years 65,1 % 236.2 bn € 95.1 %
- Currency and deposits 2,1 % 7.8 bn € 3.1 %
- Debt securities 27,0 % 98.0 bn € 39.5 %
- Loans 70,8 % 257.2 bn € 103.5 %
Output
What the country produces in a year, where that demand comes from, and how the product is shared out.
Gross domestic product
248.4 bn €
GDP growth
2.1 %
European Union 1.4 %
+0.7 %
GDP per head (EU = 100)
68.3
European Union 100.0
−31.7
Adjusted for price differences between countries: one hundred means “the EU average”. Without that adjustment, comparing a Bulgarian wage with a Danish one means nothing.
Government consumption, % of GDP
18.2 %
European Union 21.6 %
−3.4 %
What the state consumes itself — schools, hospitals, administration. Not its transfers, its investment or its debt: total public spending is far higher.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Household consumption 171.5 bn €
- Government consumption 45.3 bn €
- Investment 41.9 bn €
- Change in inventories 722 m €
- Exports 98.0 bn €
- Imports (subtracted) 109.3 bn €
- Wages and contributions 89.9 bn € 36,2 %
- Profits and mixed income 121.1 bn € 48,7 %
- Net taxes on products 37.4 bn € 15,0 %
Budget
What the state spends, on which functions, through which level of government.
Government spending, % of GDP
48.2 %
European Union 48.9 %
−0.7 %
Government spending, in euros
114.2 bn €
This country European Union
- General public services 8.3 % 19.6 bn € 17,2 %
- Defence 2.2 % 5.3 bn € 4,6 %
- Public order and safety 2.0 % 4.8 bn € 4,1 %
- Economic affairs 6.0 % 14.1 bn € 12,4 %
- Environment 0.9 % 2.1 bn € 1,9 %
- Housing and amenities 0.5 % 1.2 bn € 1,0 %
- Health 5.7 % 13.6 bn € 11,8 %
- Recreation, culture and religion 1.0 % 2.3 bn € 2,1 %
- Education 3.9 % 9.3 bn € 8,1 %
- Social protection 17.7 % 41.9 bn € 36,7 %
- Police 1.2 % 2.8 bn € 60,0 %
- Civil protection 0.4 % 1.0 bn € 20,0 %
- Courts 0.3 % 801 m € 15,0 %
- Prisons 0.1 % 178 m € 5,0 %
- Research (order and safety) 0.0 % 7 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 35.6 % 84.2 bn € 59,4 %
- Local government 4.0 % 9.5 bn € 6,7 %
- Social security 20.3 % 48.1 bn € 33,9 %
- Wages and contributions 10.4 % 24.5 bn € 22,9 %
- Goods and services bought 5.3 % 12.5 bn € 11,7 %
- Social benefits 19.5 % 46.2 bn € 43,0 %
- Subsidies 1.4 % 3.4 bn € 3,1 %
- Property income 3.5 % 8.2 bn € 7,7 %
- Investment 3.8 % 9.0 bn € 8,4 %
- Other transfers 1.5 % 3.5 bn € 3,3 %
Revenue
What the state levies, on what, and who collects it.
Total tax burden, % of GDP
41.7 %
European Union 40.3 %
+1.4 %
Taxes and social contributions together, including the share that goes to the Union.
Taxes, in euros
98.7 bn €
VAT, % of GDP
9.0 %
European Union 7.1 %
+1.9 %
Income taxes, % of GDP
10.2 %
European Union 12.8 %
−2.6 %
Social contributions, % of GDP
13.3 %
European Union 14.0 %
−0.7 %
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- VAT 9.0 % 21.4 bn € 21,7 %
- Other taxes on products 5.0 % 11.9 bn € 12,1 %
- Other taxes on production 2.8 % 6.6 bn € 6,8 %
- Income taxes 10.2 % 24.1 bn € 24,6 %
- Other current taxes 1.0 % 2.3 bn € 2,4 %
- Social contributions 13.3 % 31.5 bn € 32,1 %
- Capital taxes 0.1 % 268 m € 0,2 %
- Central government 28.9 % 68.5 bn € 69,1 %
- Local government 0.9 % 2.0 bn € 2,2 %
- Social security 11.8 % 27.9 bn € 28,2 %
- European Union 0.2 % 358 m € 0,5 %
Justice
Prisoners, prison places, judicial staff and homicides.
Prisoners per 100,000 people
110.7
The number of people held, including those awaiting trial. A country that judges slowly locks up more people who have not been convicted.
People held in prison
11,484
Police officers per 100,000 people
559.2
Prison staff per 100,000 people
43.0
Judges per 100,000 people
26.1
Homicides per 100,000 people
0.8
- Nationals 5,511 48,0 %
- Foreigners 5,973 52,0 %
Read alongside the share of foreigners in the population, which varies widely, and the fact that a non-resident is more often held on remand for want of guarantees of appearance.
- Men 10,874 94,7 %
- Women 610 5,3 %
Society
Population, employment, prices, poverty and inequality.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union