Debt
What the state owes, to whom, at what maturity and at what price.
Public debt, % of GDP
75.6 %
European Union 82.9 %
−7.3 %
Public debt, in euros
190.5 bn €
10-year borrowing rate
5.7 %
European Union 4.2 %
+1.5 %
The rate at which the state borrows today, on the markets. It applies only to new debt.
Interest burden, % of GDP
3.8 %
European Union 1.9 %
+1.9 %
Government balance, % of GDP
-4.7 %
European Union -3.1 %
−1.6 %
A negative balance is a deficit. The figure covers general government — central, regional, local and social security — never the central budget alone.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Held abroad 36,3 % 61.4 bn € 27.1 %
- Central bank 3,5 % 5.9 bn € 2.6 %
- Banks and money-market funds 25,7 % 43.5 bn € 19.2 %
- Insurers and pension funds 11,8 % 19.8 bn € 8.8 %
- Non-financial corporations 0,9 % 1.7 bn € 0.7 %
- Households 21,6 % 36.3 bn € 16.1 %
- Under one year 7,4 % 12.5 bn € 5.5 %
- Over one year 92,5 % 156.0 bn € 69.0 %
- Currency and deposits 0,9 % 1.5 bn € 0.7 %
- Debt securities 88,2 % 148.7 bn € 65.6 %
- Loans 10,9 % 18.4 bn € 8.1 %
Output
What the country produces in a year, where that demand comes from, and how the product is shared out.
Gross domestic product
219.5 bn €
GDP growth
0.7 %
European Union 1.4 %
−0.7 %
GDP per head (EU = 100)
76.2
European Union 100.0
−23.8
Adjusted for price differences between countries: one hundred means “the EU average”. Without that adjustment, comparing a Bulgarian wage with a Danish one means nothing.
Government consumption, % of GDP
20.8 %
European Union 21.5 %
−0.7 %
What the state consumes itself — schools, hospitals, administration. Not its transfers, its investment or its debt: total public spending is far higher.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Household consumption 114.4 bn €
- Government consumption 45.7 bn €
- Investment 48.5 bn €
- Change in inventories 688 m €
- Exports 159.9 bn €
- Imports (subtracted) 149.9 bn €
- Wages and contributions 96.1 bn € 43,8 %
- Profits and mixed income 91.3 bn € 41,6 %
- Net taxes on products 32.1 bn € 14,6 %
Budget
What the state spends, on which functions, through which level of government.
Government spending, % of GDP
47.1 %
European Union 48.8 %
−1.7 %
Government spending, in euros
97.1 bn €
This country European Union
- General public services 10.0 % 20.6 bn € 21,1 %
- Defence 2.0 % 4.1 bn € 4,2 %
- Public order and safety 1.8 % 3.6 bn € 3,8 %
- Economic affairs 7.7 % 15.9 bn € 16,3 %
- Environment 0.4 % 781 m € 0,8 %
- Housing and amenities 1.0 % 2.0 bn € 2,1 %
- Health 4.7 % 9.7 bn € 9,9 %
- Recreation, culture and religion 2.5 % 5.1 bn € 5,3 %
- Education 4.9 % 10.1 bn € 10,4 %
- Social protection 12.3 % 25.3 bn € 26,0 %
- Police 1.0 % 2.1 bn € 55,6 %
- Civil protection 0.2 % 342 m € 11,1 %
- Courts 0.3 % 597 m € 16,7 %
- Prisons 0.3 % 516 m € 16,7 %
- Research (order and safety) 0.0 % 0 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 37.1 % 76.5 bn € 65,9 %
- Local government 5.9 % 12.1 bn € 10,5 %
- Social security 13.3 % 27.5 bn € 23,6 %
- Wages and contributions 10.3 % 21.3 bn € 22,5 %
- Goods and services bought 8.4 % 17.4 bn € 18,3 %
- Social benefits 12.0 % 24.7 bn € 26,2 %
- Subsidies 2.2 % 4.4 bn € 4,8 %
- Property income 4.9 % 10.0 bn € 10,7 %
- Investment 4.3 % 8.8 bn € 9,4 %
- Other transfers 3.7 % 7.6 bn € 8,1 %
Revenue
What the state levies, on what, and who collects it.
Total tax burden, % of GDP
35.4 %
European Union 40.7 %
−5.3 %
Taxes and social contributions together, including the share that goes to the Union.
Taxes, in euros
77.8 bn €
VAT, % of GDP
9.5 %
European Union 7.2 %
+2.3 %
Income taxes, % of GDP
7.3 %
European Union 12.8 %
−5.5 %
Social contributions, % of GDP
10.7 %
European Union 14.3 %
−3.6 %
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- VAT 9.5 % 20.9 bn € 27,0 %
- Other taxes on products 5.9 % 12.9 bn € 16,8 %
- Other taxes on production 1.7 % 3.8 bn € 4,8 %
- Income taxes 7.3 % 16.1 bn € 20,7 %
- Other current taxes 0.1 % 258 m € 0,3 %
- Social contributions 10.7 % 23.4 bn € 30,4 %
- Capital taxes 0.0 % 67 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 23.0 % 50.5 bn € 64,8 %
- Local government 2.0 % 4.3 bn € 5,6 %
- Social security 10.3 % 22.6 bn € 29,0 %
- European Union 0.2 % 388 m € 0,6 %
Justice
Prisoners, prison places, judicial staff and homicides.
Prisoners per 100,000 people
192.6
The number of people held, including those awaiting trial. A country that judges slowly locks up more people who have not been convicted.
People held in prison
18,464
Police officers per 100,000 people
375.8
Prison staff per 100,000 people
104.1
Judges per 100,000 people
28.0
Homicides per 100,000 people
0.7
- Nationals 17,706 95,9 %
- Foreigners 758 4,1 %
Read alongside the share of foreigners in the population, which varies widely, and the fact that a non-resident is more often held on remand for want of guarantees of appearance.
- Men 16,856 91,3 %
- Women 1,608 8,7 %
Society
Population, employment, prices, poverty and inequality.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union