Debt
What the state owes, to whom, at what maturity and at what price.
Public debt, % of GDP
35.3 %
European Union 82.9 %
−47.6 %
Public debt, in euros
205.9 bn €
10-year borrowing rate
3.6 %
European Union 4.2 %
−0.6 %
The rate at which the state borrows today, on the markets. It applies only to new debt.
Apparent cost of debt
1.4 %
What already-contracted debt actually costs: long debt still carries the rates of ten years ago, and takes just as long to absorb today’s.
Interest burden, % of GDP
0.5 %
European Union 1.9 %
−1.4 %
Government balance, % of GDP
1.8 %
European Union -3.1 %
+4.9 %
A negative balance is a deficit. The figure covers general government — central, regional, local and social security — never the central budget alone.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Held abroad 55,0 % 115.5 bn € 18.1 %
- Central bank 23,4 % 49.3 bn € 7.7 %
- Banks and money-market funds 7,3 % 15.1 bn € 2.4 %
- Insurers and pension funds 1,8 % 3.8 bn € 0.6 %
- Non-financial corporations 0,3 % 458 m € 0.1 %
- Households 12,2 % 25.8 bn € 4.0 %
- Under one year 7,0 % 14.4 bn € 2.3 %
- 1 to 5 years 5,2 % 10.8 bn € 1.7 %
- 5 to 10 years 15,8 % 33.3 bn € 5.2 %
- 10 to 30 years 63,2 % 132.7 bn € 20.8 %
- Over 30 years 8,8 % 18.7 bn € 2.9 %
- Currency and deposits 12,1 % 25.2 bn € 4.2 %
- Debt securities 67,5 % 141.8 bn € 23.5 %
- Loans 20,4 % 42.9 bn € 7.1 %
Output
What the country produces in a year, where that demand comes from, and how the product is shared out.
Gross domestic product
602.4 bn €
GDP growth
8.0 %
European Union 1.4 %
+6.6 %
GDP per head (EU = 100)
223.5
European Union 100.0
+123.5
Adjusted for price differences between countries: one hundred means “the EU average”. Without that adjustment, comparing a Bulgarian wage with a Danish one means nothing.
Government consumption, % of GDP
12.2 %
European Union 21.5 %
−9.3 %
What the state consumes itself — schools, hospitals, administration. Not its transfers, its investment or its debt: total public spending is far higher.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Household consumption 154.4 bn €
- Government consumption 73.2 bn €
- Investment 145.3 bn €
- Change in inventories 1.5 bn €
- Exports 884.8 bn €
- Imports (subtracted) 658.7 bn €
- Wages and contributions 165.2 bn € 27,3 %
- Profits and mixed income 405.9 bn € 67,1 %
- Net taxes on products 33.7 bn € 5,6 %
Budget
What the state spends, on which functions, through which level of government.
Government spending, % of GDP
22.4 %
European Union 48.8 %
−26.4 %
Government spending, in euros
126.0 bn €
This country European Union
- General public services 2.0 % 11.2 bn € 8,9 %
- Defence 0.1 % 841 m € 0,4 %
- Public order and safety 0.7 % 4.2 bn € 3,1 %
- Economic affairs 2.1 % 11.7 bn € 9,4 %
- Environment 0.4 % 2.3 bn € 1,8 %
- Housing and amenities 0.6 % 3.4 bn € 2,7 %
- Health 5.2 % 29.2 bn € 23,2 %
- Recreation, culture and religion 0.4 % 2.3 bn € 1,8 %
- Education 2.7 % 15.1 bn € 12,1 %
- Social protection 8.2 % 45.8 bn € 36,6 %
- Police 0.4 % 2.3 bn € 57,1 %
- Civil protection 0.1 % 417 m € 14,3 %
- Courts 0.1 % 765 m € 14,3 %
- Prisons 0.1 % 591 m € 14,3 %
- Research (order and safety) 0.0 % 0 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 19.0 % 106.6 bn € 79,8 %
- Local government 2.4 % 13.3 bn € 10,1 %
- Social security 2.4 % 13.5 bn € 10,1 %
- Wages and contributions 6.1 % 34.0 bn € 27,7 %
- Goods and services bought 3.6 % 20.2 bn € 16,4 %
- Social benefits 7.6 % 42.7 bn € 34,5 %
- Subsidies 0.5 % 2.8 bn € 2,3 %
- Property income 0.6 % 3.4 bn € 2,7 %
- Investment 2.6 % 14.6 bn € 11,8 %
- Other transfers 1.0 % 5.5 bn € 4,5 %
Revenue
What the state levies, on what, and who collects it.
Total tax burden, % of GDP
22.7 %
European Union 40.7 %
−18.0 %
Taxes and social contributions together, including the share that goes to the Union.
Taxes, in euros
137.0 bn €
VAT, % of GDP
3.8 %
European Union 7.2 %
−3.4 %
Income taxes, % of GDP
11.9 %
European Union 12.8 %
−0.9 %
Social contributions, % of GDP
4.1 %
European Union 14.3 %
−10.2 %
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- VAT 3.8 % 23.1 bn € 17,3 %
- Other taxes on products 1.0 % 6.1 bn € 4,5 %
- Other taxes on production 0.8 % 4.9 bn € 3,6 %
- Income taxes 11.9 % 72.0 bn € 54,1 %
- Other current taxes 0.2 % 984 m € 0,9 %
- Social contributions 4.1 % 24.6 bn € 18,6 %
- Capital taxes 0.2 % 1.4 bn € 0,9 %
- Central government 19.2 % 115.6 bn € 84,6 %
- Local government 0.4 % 2.6 bn € 1,8 %
- Social security 3.0 % 18.3 bn € 13,2 %
- European Union 0.1 % 615 m € 0,4 %
Justice
Prisoners, prison places, judicial staff and homicides.
Prisoners per 100,000 people
95.7
The number of people held, including those awaiting trial. A country that judges slowly locks up more people who have not been convicted.
People held in prison
5,121
Police officers per 100,000 people
331.3
Prison staff per 100,000 people
65.6
Judges per 100,000 people
3.6
Homicides per 100,000 people
0.7
- Nationals 4,274 83,5 %
- Foreigners 847 16,5 %
Read alongside the share of foreigners in the population, which varies widely, and the fact that a non-resident is more often held on remand for want of guarantees of appearance.
- Men 4,869 95,1 %
- Women 252 4,9 %
Society
Population, employment, prices, poverty and inequality.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union