Debt
What the state owes, to whom, at what maturity and at what price.
Public debt, % of GDP
139.9 %
European Union 82.9 %
+57.0 %
Public debt, in euros
3,208.5 bn €
10-year borrowing rate
4.4 %
European Union 4.2 %
+0.2 %
The rate at which the state borrows today, on the markets. It applies only to new debt.
Apparent cost of debt
3.0 %
What already-contracted debt actually costs: long debt still carries the rates of ten years ago, and takes just as long to absorb today’s.
Interest burden, % of GDP
3.8 %
European Union 1.9 %
+1.9 %
Government balance, % of GDP
-3.1 %
European Union -3.1 %
+0.0 %
A negative balance is a deficit. The figure covers general government — central, regional, local and social security — never the central budget alone.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Held abroad 34,4 % 1,063.2 bn € 47.1 %
- Central bank 18,5 % 574.1 bn € 25.4 %
- Banks and money-market funds 20,0 % 618.1 bn € 27.4 %
- Insurers and pension funds 12,7 % 392.7 bn € 17.4 %
- Non-financial corporations 2,7 % 82.5 bn € 3.7 %
- Households 11,8 % 365.3 bn € 16.2 %
- Under one year 10,9 % 336.7 bn € 14.9 %
- 1 to 5 years 6,6 % 203.6 bn € 9.0 %
- 5 to 10 years 26,5 % 818.9 bn € 36.3 %
- 10 to 30 years 35,7 % 1,105.7 bn € 49.0 %
- Over 30 years 20,4 % 631.0 bn € 27.9 %
- Currency and deposits 5,5 % 170.7 bn € 7.5 %
- Debt securities 84,1 % 2,605.8 bn € 115.0 %
- Loans 10,4 % 320.6 bn € 14.2 %
Output
What the country produces in a year, where that demand comes from, and how the product is shared out.
Gross domestic product
2,265.0 bn €
GDP growth
0.6 %
European Union 1.4 %
−0.8 %
GDP per head (EU = 100)
95.9
European Union 100.0
−4.1
Adjusted for price differences between countries: one hundred means “the EU average”. Without that adjustment, comparing a Bulgarian wage with a Danish one means nothing.
Government consumption, % of GDP
18.1 %
European Union 21.5 %
−3.4 %
What the state consumes itself — schools, hospitals, administration. Not its transfers, its investment or its debt: total public spending is far higher.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Household consumption 1,307.6 bn €
- Government consumption 409.1 bn €
- Investment 498.3 bn €
- Change in inventories 14.9 bn €
- Exports 716.4 bn €
- Imports (subtracted) 684.0 bn €
- Wages and contributions 902.1 bn € 39,8 %
- Profits and mixed income 1,083.9 bn € 47,9 %
- Net taxes on products 279.1 bn € 12,3 %
Budget
What the state spends, on which functions, through which level of government.
Government spending, % of GDP
50.4 %
European Union 48.8 %
+1.6 %
Government spending, in euros
1,109.2 bn €
This country European Union
- General public services 7.7 % 170.4 bn € 15,3 %
- Defence 1.3 % 28.3 bn € 2,6 %
- Public order and safety 1.8 % 39.1 bn € 3,6 %
- Economic affairs 5.1 % 112.4 bn € 10,1 %
- Environment 0.9 % 19.8 bn € 1,8 %
- Housing and amenities 0.8 % 17.0 bn € 1,6 %
- Health 6.6 % 146.1 bn € 13,1 %
- Recreation, culture and religion 0.9 % 18.8 bn € 1,8 %
- Education 4.0 % 89.2 bn € 7,9 %
- Social protection 21.3 % 468.1 bn € 42,3 %
- Police 1.0 % 22.5 bn € 55,6 %
- Civil protection 0.2 % 4.7 bn € 11,1 %
- Courts 0.4 % 7.8 bn € 22,2 %
- Prisons 0.2 % 4.0 bn € 11,1 %
- Research (order and safety) 0.0 % 27 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 32.5 % 714.8 bn € 48,4 %
- Local government 14.3 % 314.3 bn € 21,3 %
- Social security 20.4 % 449.2 bn € 30,4 %
- Wages and contributions 9.0 % 197.2 bn € 18,7 %
- Goods and services bought 5.8 % 128.4 bn € 12,1 %
- Social benefits 22.6 % 496.8 bn € 47,1 %
- Subsidies 1.7 % 36.6 bn € 3,5 %
- Property income 3.9 % 85.8 bn € 8,1 %
- Investment 3.5 % 78.1 bn € 7,3 %
- Other transfers 1.5 % 33.5 bn € 3,1 %
Revenue
What the state levies, on what, and who collects it.
Total tax burden, % of GDP
43.0 %
European Union 40.7 %
+2.3 %
Taxes and social contributions together, including the share that goes to the Union.
Taxes, in euros
974.9 bn €
VAT, % of GDP
6.6 %
European Union 7.2 %
−0.6 %
Income taxes, % of GDP
14.8 %
European Union 12.8 %
+2.0 %
Social contributions, % of GDP
13.5 %
European Union 14.3 %
−0.8 %
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- VAT 6.6 % 150.4 bn € 15,4 %
- Other taxes on products 4.5 % 102.0 bn € 10,5 %
- Other taxes on production 2.8 % 64.4 bn € 6,5 %
- Income taxes 14.8 % 335.1 bn € 34,6 %
- Other current taxes 0.5 % 10.8 bn € 1,2 %
- Social contributions 13.5 % 305.8 bn € 31,5 %
- Capital taxes 0.1 % 3.1 bn € 0,2 %
- Central government 25.4 % 575.9 bn € 59,2 %
- Local government 4.1 % 93.8 bn € 9,6 %
- Social security 13.3 % 301.9 bn € 31,0 %
- European Union 0.1 % 3.3 bn € 0,2 %
Justice
Prisoners, prison places, judicial staff and homicides.
Prisoners per 100,000 people
107.7
The number of people held, including those awaiting trial. A country that judges slowly locks up more people who have not been convicted.
People held in prison
63,524
Police officers per 100,000 people
398.9
Prison staff per 100,000 people
64.9
Judges per 100,000 people
7.9
Homicides per 100,000 people
0.6
- Nationals 43,171 68,0 %
- Foreigners 20,353 32,0 %
Read alongside the share of foreigners in the population, which varies widely, and the fact that a non-resident is more often held on remand for want of guarantees of appearance.
- Men 60,742 95,6 %
- Women 2,782 4,4 %
Society
Population, employment, prices, poverty and inequality.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union