Debt
What the state owes, to whom, at what maturity and at what price.
Public debt, % of GDP
43.8 %
European Union 82.9 %
−39.1 %
Public debt, in euros
38.8 bn €
10-year borrowing rate
2.9 %
European Union 4.2 %
−1.3 %
The rate at which the state borrows today, on the markets. It applies only to new debt.
Apparent cost of debt
2.3 %
What already-contracted debt actually costs: long debt still carries the rates of ten years ago, and takes just as long to absorb today’s.
Interest burden, % of GDP
0.9 %
European Union 1.9 %
−1.0 %
Government balance, % of GDP
-1.8 %
European Union -3.1 %
+1.3 %
A negative balance is a deficit. The figure covers general government — central, regional, local and social security — never the central budget alone.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Held abroad 72,2 % 24.0 bn € 28.5 %
- Central bank 15,9 % 5.3 bn € 6.3 %
- Banks and money-market funds 8,1 % 2.7 bn € 3.2 %
- Insurers and pension funds 2,0 % 682 m € 0.8 %
- Non-financial corporations 0,5 % 184 m € 0.2 %
- Households 0,8 % 277 m € 0.3 %
- Under one year 0,5 % 210 m € 0.2 %
- 1 to 5 years 4,6 % 1.6 bn € 1.8 %
- 5 to 10 years 24,6 % 8.2 bn € 9.7 %
- 10 to 30 years 55,4 % 18.4 bn € 21.9 %
- Over 30 years 14,7 % 4.9 bn € 5.8 %
- Currency and deposits 0,5 % 208 m € 0.2 %
- Debt securities 82,2 % 27.5 bn € 32.3 %
- Loans 17,3 % 5.8 bn € 6.8 %
Output
What the country produces in a year, where that demand comes from, and how the product is shared out.
Gross domestic product
85.1 bn €
GDP growth
3.0 %
European Union 1.4 %
+1.6 %
GDP per head (EU = 100)
87.5
European Union 100.0
−12.5
Adjusted for price differences between countries: one hundred means “the EU average”. Without that adjustment, comparing a Bulgarian wage with a Danish one means nothing.
Government consumption, % of GDP
19.4 %
European Union 21.5 %
−2.1 %
What the state consumes itself — schools, hospitals, administration. Not its transfers, its investment or its debt: total public spending is far higher.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Household consumption 45.9 bn €
- Government consumption 16.5 bn €
- Investment 18.6 bn €
- Change in inventories 1.5 bn €
- Exports 60.7 bn €
- Imports (subtracted) 58.3 bn €
- Wages and contributions 43.2 bn € 50,7 %
- Profits and mixed income 32.8 bn € 38,5 %
- Net taxes on products 9.2 bn € 10,8 %
Budget
What the state spends, on which functions, through which level of government.
Government spending, % of GDP
39.4 %
European Union 48.8 %
−9.4 %
Government spending, in euros
31.1 bn €
This country European Union
- General public services 3.6 % 2.8 bn € 9,1 %
- Defence 2.6 % 2.0 bn € 6,6 %
- Public order and safety 1.6 % 1.2 bn € 4,0 %
- Economic affairs 3.2 % 2.5 bn € 8,1 %
- Environment 0.5 % 421 m € 1,3 %
- Housing and amenities 0.8 % 659 m € 2,0 %
- Health 5.8 % 4.5 bn € 14,6 %
- Recreation, culture and religion 1.3 % 995 m € 3,3 %
- Education 5.5 % 4.3 bn € 13,9 %
- Social protection 14.7 % 11.6 bn € 37,1 %
- Police 0.7 % 528 m € 53,8 %
- Civil protection 0.2 % 181 m € 15,4 %
- Courts 0.2 % 189 m € 15,4 %
- Prisons 0.2 % 124 m € 15,4 %
- Research (order and safety) 0.0 % 0 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 29.8 % 23.5 bn € 55,8 %
- Local government 9.9 % 7.8 bn € 18,5 %
- Social security 13.7 % 10.8 bn € 25,7 %
- Wages and contributions 11.6 % 9.1 bn € 29,8 %
- Goods and services bought 4.4 % 3.5 bn € 11,3 %
- Social benefits 15.3 % 12.1 bn € 39,3 %
- Subsidies 0.3 % 203 m € 0,8 %
- Property income 0.8 % 639 m € 2,1 %
- Investment 4.4 % 3.5 bn € 11,3 %
- Other transfers 2.1 % 1.7 bn € 5,4 %
Revenue
What the state levies, on what, and who collects it.
Total tax burden, % of GDP
33.8 %
European Union 40.7 %
−6.9 %
Taxes and social contributions together, including the share that goes to the Union.
Taxes, in euros
28.7 bn €
VAT, % of GDP
8.3 %
European Union 7.2 %
+1.1 %
Income taxes, % of GDP
10.5 %
European Union 12.8 %
−2.3 %
Social contributions, % of GDP
11.3 %
European Union 14.3 %
−3.0 %
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- VAT 8.3 % 7.1 bn € 24,6 %
- Other taxes on products 2.8 % 2.3 bn € 8,3 %
- Other taxes on production 0.7 % 569 m € 2,1 %
- Income taxes 10.5 % 9.0 bn € 31,2 %
- Other current taxes 0.1 % 57 m € 0,3 %
- Social contributions 11.3 % 9.6 bn € 33,5 %
- Capital taxes 0.0 % 4 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 22.3 % 19.0 bn € 66,2 %
- Local government 0.4 % 340 m € 1,2 %
- Social security 10.8 % 9.2 bn € 32,0 %
- European Union 0.2 % 158 m € 0,6 %
Justice
Prisoners, prison places, judicial staff and homicides.
Prisoners per 100,000 people
155.2
The number of people held, including those awaiting trial. A country that judges slowly locks up more people who have not been convicted.
People held in prison
4,480
Police officers per 100,000 people
262.3
Prison staff per 100,000 people
63.2
Judges per 100,000 people
24.7
Homicides per 100,000 people
2.6
- Nationals 4,315 96,3 %
- Foreigners 165 3,7 %
Read alongside the share of foreigners in the population, which varies widely, and the fact that a non-resident is more often held on remand for want of guarantees of appearance.
- Men 4,281 95,6 %
- Women 199 4,4 %
Society
Population, employment, prices, poverty and inequality.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union