Debt
What the state owes, to whom, at what maturity and at what price.
Public debt, % of GDP
29.2 %
European Union 82.9 %
−53.7 %
Public debt, in euros
26.4 bn €
10-year borrowing rate
3.4 %
European Union 3.9 %
−0.5 %
The rate at which the state borrows today, on the markets. It applies only to new debt.
Apparent cost of debt
1.5 %
What already-contracted debt actually costs: long debt still carries the rates of ten years ago, and takes just as long to absorb today’s.
Interest burden, % of GDP
0.3 %
European Union 1.9 %
−1.6 %
Government balance, % of GDP
-2.0 %
European Union -3.1 %
+1.1 %
A negative balance is a deficit. The figure covers general government — central, regional, local and social security — never the central budget alone.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Held abroad 59,6 % 14.2 bn € 15.8 %
- Central bank 1,5 % 359 m € 0.4 %
- Firms and households 0,4 % 86 m € 0.1 %
- Under one year 1,9 % 419 m € 0.5 %
- Over one year 98,1 % 23.3 bn € 26.0 %
- Currency and deposits 1,5 % 370 m € 0.4 %
- Debt securities 85,3 % 20.2 bn € 22.6 %
- Loans 13,2 % 3.1 bn € 3.5 %
Output
What the country produces in a year, where that demand comes from, and how the product is shared out.
Gross domestic product
89.5 bn €
GDP growth
0.6 %
European Union 1.4 %
−0.8 %
GDP per head (EU = 100)
238.9
European Union 100.0
+138.9
Adjusted for price differences between countries: one hundred means “the EU average”. Without that adjustment, comparing a Bulgarian wage with a Danish one means nothing.
Government consumption, % of GDP
19.8 %
European Union 21.6 %
−1.8 %
What the state consumes itself — schools, hospitals, administration. Not its transfers, its investment or its debt: total public spending is far higher.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Household consumption 30.0 bn €
- Government consumption 17.8 bn €
- Investment 13.4 bn €
- Change in inventories 597 m €
- Exports 170.6 bn €
- Imports (subtracted) 142.7 bn €
- Wages and contributions 45.5 bn € 50,9 %
- Profits and mixed income 34.7 bn € 38,7 %
- Net taxes on products 9.3 bn € 10,4 %
Budget
What the state spends, on which functions, through which level of government.
Government spending, % of GDP
49.1 %
European Union 2024
48.9 %
−2.1 %
Government spending, in euros
43.9 bn €
This country European Union
- General public services 5.6 % 5.1 bn € 11,4 %
- Defence 1.0 % 925 m € 2,0 %
- Public order and safety 1.4 % 1.3 bn € 2,9 %
- Economic affairs 5.9 % 5.3 bn € 12,0 %
- Environment 1.2 % 1.1 bn € 2,4 %
- Housing and amenities 0.8 % 701 m € 1,6 %
- Health 5.8 % 5.2 bn € 11,8 %
- Recreation, culture and religion 1.4 % 1.2 bn € 2,9 %
- Education 5.2 % 4.6 bn € 10,6 %
- Social protection 20.7 % 18.6 bn € 42,2 %
- Police 0.7 % 636 m € 50,0 %
- Civil protection 0.2 % 211 m € 14,3 %
- Courts 0.3 % 236 m € 21,4 %
- Prisons 0.2 % 159 m € 14,3 %
- Research (order and safety) 0.0 % 0 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 34.9 % 31.3 bn € 58,1 %
- Local government 5.8 % 5.2 bn € 9,7 %
- Social security 19.4 % 17.3 bn € 32,3 %
- Wages and contributions 11.7 % 10.5 bn € 24,9 %
- Goods and services bought 4.7 % 4.2 bn € 10,0 %
- Social benefits 20.1 % 18.0 bn € 42,8 %
- Subsidies 1.2 % 1.0 bn € 2,6 %
- Property income 0.3 % 301 m € 0,6 %
- Investment 5.0 % 4.5 bn € 10,6 %
- Other transfers 4.0 % 3.6 bn € 8,5 %
Revenue
What the state levies, on what, and who collects it.
Total tax burden, % of GDP
42.3 %
European Union 2024
40.3 %
+2.4 %
Taxes and social contributions together, including the share that goes to the Union.
Taxes, in euros
37.9 bn €
VAT, % of GDP
6.7 %
European Union 2024
7.1 %
−0.4 %
Income taxes, % of GDP
16.7 %
European Union 2024
12.8 %
+5.0 %
Social contributions, % of GDP
12.6 %
European Union 2024
14.0 %
−1.9 %
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- VAT 6.7 % 6.0 bn € 16,9 %
- Other taxes on products 0.6 % 514 m € 1,5 %
- Other taxes on production 1.7 % 1.5 bn € 4,3 %
- Income taxes 16.7 % 15.0 bn € 42,1 %
- Other current taxes 1.2 % 1.1 bn € 3,0 %
- Social contributions 12.6 % 11.3 bn € 31,7 %
- Capital taxes 0.2 % 135 m € 0,5 %
- Central government 29.2 % 26.2 bn € 69,2 %
- Local government 2.0 % 1.8 bn € 4,7 %
- Social security 11.0 % 9.8 bn € 26,1 %
- European Union 0.0 % 19 m € 0,0 %
Justice
Prisoners, prison places, judicial staff and homicides.
Prisoners per 100,000 people
93.5
The number of people held, including those awaiting trial. A country that judges slowly locks up more people who have not been convicted.
People held in prison
628
Police officers per 100,000 people
395.5
Prison staff per 100,000 people
130.1
Judges per 100,000 people
36.0
Homicides per 100,000 people
0.3
- Nationals 152 24,2 %
- Foreigners 476 75,8 %
Read alongside the share of foreigners in the population, which varies widely, and the fact that a non-resident is more often held on remand for want of guarantees of appearance.
- Men 600 95,5 %
- Women 28 4,5 %
Society
Population, employment, prices, poverty and inequality.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union