Debt
What the state owes, to whom, at what maturity and at what price.
Public debt, % of GDP
60.8 %
European Union 82.9 %
−22.1 %
Public debt, in euros
303.0 bn €
Apparent cost of debt
2.9 %
What already-contracted debt actually costs: long debt still carries the rates of ten years ago, and takes just as long to absorb today’s.
This country European Union
- Held abroad 64,8 % 163.9 bn € 35.2 %
- Central bank 0,0 % 0 m € 0.0 %
- Banks and money-market funds 18,6 % 47.3 bn € 10.1 %
- Insurers and pension funds 14,9 % 37.9 bn € 8.1 %
- Firms and households 1,7 % 4.0 bn € 0.9 %
- Under one year 52,7 % 133.4 bn € 28.6 %
- Over one year 47,3 % 119.7 bn € 25.7 %
Output
What the country produces in a year, where that demand comes from, and how the product is shared out.
Gross domestic product
470.4 bn €
GDP growth
1.1 %
European Union 1.4 %
−0.3 %
GDP per head (EU = 100)
158.4
European Union 100.0
+58.4
Adjusted for price differences between countries: one hundred means “the EU average”. Without that adjustment, comparing a Bulgarian wage with a Danish one means nothing.
Government consumption, % of GDP
22.8 %
European Union 21.5 %
+1.3 %
What the state consumes itself — schools, hospitals, administration. Not its transfers, its investment or its debt: total public spending is far higher.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Household consumption 199.8 bn €
- Government consumption 107.1 bn €
- Investment 109.6 bn €
- Change in inventories -1.7 bn €
- Exports 214.4 bn €
- Imports (subtracted) 158.9 bn €
- Wages and contributions 201.7 bn € 42,9 %
- Profits and mixed income 231.5 bn € 49,2 %
- Net taxes on products 37.2 bn € 7,9 %
Budget
What the state spends, on which functions, through which level of government.
Government spending, % of GDP
47.8 %
European Union 48.8 %
−1.0 %
Government spending, in euros
221.0 bn €
This country European Union
- General public services 5.4 % 24.8 bn € 11,3 %
- Defence 2.1 % 9.9 bn € 4,4 %
- Public order and safety 1.0 % 4.8 bn € 2,1 %
- Economic affairs 5.7 % 26.2 bn € 11,9 %
- Environment 0.8 % 3.8 bn € 1,7 %
- Housing and amenities 0.9 % 3.9 bn € 1,9 %
- Health 7.2 % 33.4 bn € 15,1 %
- Recreation, culture and religion 1.5 % 6.9 bn € 3,1 %
- Education 4.7 % 21.6 bn € 9,8 %
- Social protection 18.5 % 85.6 bn € 38,7 %
- Police 0.5 % 2.5 bn € 55,6 %
- Civil protection 0.2 % 992 m € 22,2 %
- Courts 0.1 % 613 m € 11,1 %
- Prisons 0.1 % 525 m € 11,1 %
- Research (order and safety) 0.0 % 102 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 38.8 % 179.4 bn € 71,5 %
- Local government 15.5 % 71.9 bn € 28,5 %
- Wages and contributions 13.0 % 60.4 bn € 27,8 %
- Goods and services bought 7.0 % 32.6 bn € 15,0 %
- Social benefits 15.7 % 72.8 bn € 33,6 %
- Subsidies 1.9 % 8.7 bn € 4,1 %
- Property income 1.5 % 6.9 bn € 3,2 %
- Investment 5.2 % 24.3 bn € 11,1 %
- Other transfers 2.4 % 11.0 bn € 5,1 %
Revenue
What the state levies, on what, and who collects it.
Total tax burden, % of GDP
38.9 %
European Union 40.7 %
−1.8 %
Taxes and social contributions together, including the share that goes to the Union.
Taxes, in euros
182.8 bn €
VAT, % of GDP
7.3 %
European Union 7.2 %
+0.1 %
Income taxes, % of GDP
18.9 %
European Union 12.8 %
+6.1 %
Social contributions, % of GDP
9.3 %
European Union 14.3 %
−5.0 %
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- VAT 7.3 % 34.2 bn € 18,8 %
- Other taxes on products 1.8 % 8.6 bn € 4,6 %
- Other taxes on production 0.8 % 3.7 bn € 2,1 %
- Income taxes 18.9 % 88.7 bn € 48,6 %
- Other current taxes 0.8 % 3.7 bn € 2,1 %
- Social contributions 9.3 % 43.7 bn € 23,9 %
- Capital taxes 0.0 % 5 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 33.3 % 156.5 bn € 85,6 %
- Local government 5.6 % 26.3 bn € 14,4 %
Justice
Prisoners, prison places, judicial staff and homicides.
Prisoners per 100,000 people
60.5
The number of people held, including those awaiting trial. A country that judges slowly locks up more people who have not been convicted.
People held in prison
3,359
Police officers per 100,000 people
168.4
Prison staff per 100,000 people
88.6
Judges per 100,000 people
15.8
Homicides per 100,000 people
0.7
- Nationals 2,433 72,6 %
- Foreigners 920 27,4 %
Read alongside the share of foreigners in the population, which varies widely, and the fact that a non-resident is more often held on remand for want of guarantees of appearance.
- Men 3,153 94,0 %
- Women 203 6,0 %
Society
Population, employment, prices, poverty and inequality.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union