Debt
What the state owes, to whom, at what maturity and at what price.
Public debt, % of GDP
61.6 %
European Union 82.9 %
−21.3 %
Public debt, in euros
569.9 bn €
10-year borrowing rate
5.8 %
European Union 3.9 %
+1.9 %
The rate at which the state borrows today, on the markets. It applies only to new debt.
Apparent cost of debt
4.5 %
What already-contracted debt actually costs: long debt still carries the rates of ten years ago, and takes just as long to absorb today’s.
Interest burden, % of GDP
2.5 %
European Union 1.9 %
+0.6 %
Government balance, % of GDP
-7.3 %
European Union -3.1 %
−4.2 %
A negative balance is a deficit. The figure covers general government — central, regional, local and social security — never the central budget alone.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Held abroad 34,5 % 191.4 bn € 20.6 %
- Central bank 4,2 % 23.4 bn € 2.5 %
- Banks and money-market funds 38,7 % 213.9 bn € 23.1 %
- Insurers and pension funds 12,9 % 71.4 bn € 7.7 %
- Firms and households 9,5 % 53.2 bn € 5.7 %
- Under one year 3,2 % 17.4 bn € 1.9 %
- Over one year 96,8 % 535.8 bn € 57.8 %
- Currency and deposits 0,5 % 3.1 bn € 0.3 %
- Debt securities 73,2 % 404.4 bn € 43.6 %
- Loans 26,3 % 145.7 bn € 15.7 %
Output
What the country produces in a year, where that demand comes from, and how the product is shared out.
Gross domestic product
922.9 bn €
GDP growth
3.6 %
European Union 1.4 %
+2.2 %
GDP per head (EU = 100)
81.1
European Union 100.0
−18.9
Adjusted for price differences between countries: one hundred means “the EU average”. Without that adjustment, comparing a Bulgarian wage with a Danish one means nothing.
Government consumption, % of GDP
21.3 %
European Union 21.6 %
−0.3 %
What the state consumes itself — schools, hospitals, administration. Not its transfers, its investment or its debt: total public spending is far higher.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Household consumption 532.1 bn €
- Government consumption 196.7 bn €
- Investment 157.9 bn €
- Change in inventories 10.1 bn €
- Exports 461.6 bn €
- Imports (subtracted) 435.7 bn €
- Wages and contributions 387.3 bn € 42,0 %
- Profits and mixed income 415.7 bn € 45,0 %
- Net taxes on products 119.8 bn € 13,0 %
Budget
What the state spends, on which functions, through which level of government.
Government spending, % of GDP
49.4 %
European Union 48.9 %
+0.5 %
Government spending, in euros
419.6 bn €
This country European Union
- General public services 5.2 % 43.9 bn € 10,5 %
- Defence 2.9 % 25.0 bn € 5,9 %
- Public order and safety 2.4 % 20.3 bn € 4,9 %
- Economic affairs 6.1 % 52.2 bn € 12,4 %
- Environment 0.7 % 6.1 bn € 1,4 %
- Housing and amenities 0.6 % 5.1 bn € 1,2 %
- Health 6.1 % 52.1 bn € 12,4 %
- Recreation, culture and religion 1.4 % 11.9 bn € 2,8 %
- Education 5.6 % 47.6 bn € 11,4 %
- Social protection 18.3 % 155.3 bn € 37,1 %
- Police 1.2 % 10.3 bn € 54,5 %
- Civil protection 0.3 % 2.1 bn € 13,6 %
- Courts 0.5 % 4.5 bn € 22,7 %
- Prisons 0.2 % 2.0 bn € 9,1 %
- Research (order and safety) 0.0 % 210 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 29.6 % 251.1 bn € 47,8 %
- Local government 14.6 % 123.8 bn € 23,6 %
- Social security 17.7 % 149.9 bn € 28,6 %
- Wages and contributions 11.7 % 99.1 bn € 24,3 %
- Goods and services bought 6.8 % 57.8 bn € 14,1 %
- Social benefits 19.1 % 162.5 bn € 39,6 %
- Subsidies 1.4 % 12.3 bn € 2,9 %
- Property income 2.2 % 18.7 bn € 4,6 %
- Investment 5.0 % 42.3 bn € 10,4 %
- Other transfers 2.0 % 17.0 bn € 4,1 %
Revenue
What the state levies, on what, and who collects it.
Total tax burden, % of GDP
37.6 %
European Union 40.3 %
−2.7 %
Taxes and social contributions together, including the share that goes to the Union.
Taxes, in euros
318.7 bn €
VAT, % of GDP
8.0 %
European Union 7.1 %
+0.9 %
Income taxes, % of GDP
7.4 %
European Union 12.8 %
−5.4 %
Social contributions, % of GDP
15.2 %
European Union 14.0 %
+1.2 %
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- VAT 8.0 % 67.5 bn € 21,4 %
- Other taxes on products 3.4 % 28.8 bn € 9,1 %
- Other taxes on production 2.9 % 24.3 bn € 7,8 %
- Income taxes 7.4 % 63.0 bn € 19,8 %
- Other current taxes 0.4 % 3.2 bn € 1,1 %
- Social contributions 15.2 % 128.9 bn € 40,8 %
- Capital taxes 0.0 % 138 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 18.2 % 154.6 bn € 48,5 %
- Local government 4.9 % 42.0 bn € 13,1 %
- Social security 14.2 % 120.6 bn € 37,9 %
- European Union 0.2 % 1.5 bn € 0,5 %
Justice
Prisoners, prison places, judicial staff and homicides.
Prisoners per 100,000 people
190.7
The number of people held, including those awaiting trial. A country that judges slowly locks up more people who have not been convicted.
People held in prison
69,850
Police officers per 100,000 people
265.5
Prison staff per 100,000 people
40.3
Judges per 100,000 people
8.0
Homicides per 100,000 people
0.7
- Nationals 67,290 96,3 %
- Foreigners 2,560 3,7 %
Read alongside the share of foreigners in the population, which varies widely, and the fact that a non-resident is more often held on remand for want of guarantees of appearance.
- Men 66,057 94,6 %
- Women 3,793 5,4 %
Society
Population, employment, prices, poverty and inequality.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union