Debt
What the state owes, to whom, at what maturity and at what price.
Public debt, % of GDP
91.0 %
European Union 82.9 %
+8.1 %
Public debt, in euros
283.1 bn €
10-year borrowing rate
3.5 %
European Union 3.9 %
−0.3 %
The rate at which the state borrows today, on the markets. It applies only to new debt.
Apparent cost of debt
2.3 %
What already-contracted debt actually costs: long debt still carries the rates of ten years ago, and takes just as long to absorb today’s.
Interest burden, % of GDP
1.9 %
European Union 1.9 %
+0.0 %
Government balance, % of GDP
0.7 %
European Union -3.1 %
+3.8 %
A negative balance is a deficit. The figure covers general government — central, regional, local and social security — never the central budget alone.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Held abroad 47,2 % 129.7 bn € 42.3 %
- Central bank 21,9 % 60.0 bn € 19.6 %
- Banks and money-market funds 10,3 % 28.3 bn € 9.2 %
- Insurers and pension funds 2,2 % 6.0 bn € 2.0 %
- Non-financial corporations 0,8 % 2.1 bn € 0.7 %
- Households 17,7 % 48.9 bn € 15.9 %
- Under one year 21,5 % 59.2 bn € 19.3 %
- 1 to 5 years 0,1 % 419 m € 0.1 %
- 5 to 10 years 5,7 % 15.6 bn € 5.1 %
- 10 to 30 years 61,9 % 170.2 bn € 55.5 %
- Over 30 years 10,8 % 29.7 bn € 9.7 %
- Currency and deposits 18,4 % 50.5 bn € 16.5 %
- Debt securities 57,6 % 158.6 bn € 51.7 %
- Loans 24,0 % 66.0 bn € 21.5 %
Output
What the country produces in a year, where that demand comes from, and how the product is shared out.
Gross domestic product
306.7 bn €
GDP growth
1.9 %
European Union 1.4 %
+0.5 %
GDP per head (EU = 100)
81.1
European Union 100.0
−18.9
Adjusted for price differences between countries: one hundred means “the EU average”. Without that adjustment, comparing a Bulgarian wage with a Danish one means nothing.
Government consumption, % of GDP
17.0 %
European Union 21.6 %
−4.6 %
What the state consumes itself — schools, hospitals, administration. Not its transfers, its investment or its debt: total public spending is far higher.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Household consumption 187.1 bn €
- Government consumption 52.3 bn €
- Investment 63.6 bn €
- Change in inventories 790 m €
- Exports 133.9 bn €
- Imports (subtracted) 131.2 bn €
- Wages and contributions 147.6 bn € 48,1 %
- Profits and mixed income 118.1 bn € 38,5 %
- Net taxes on products 41.1 bn € 13,4 %
Budget
What the state spends, on which functions, through which level of government.
Government spending, % of GDP
42.4 %
European Union 48.9 %
−6.5 %
Government spending, in euros
122.8 bn €
This country European Union
- General public services 5.8 % 16.9 bn € 13,7 %
- Defence 0.9 % 2.5 bn € 2,1 %
- Public order and safety 1.6 % 4.8 bn € 3,8 %
- Economic affairs 3.6 % 10.5 bn € 8,5 %
- Environment 0.7 % 2.0 bn € 1,7 %
- Housing and amenities 0.6 % 1.7 bn € 1,4 %
- Health 6.8 % 19.8 bn € 16,1 %
- Recreation, culture and religion 0.8 % 2.4 bn € 1,9 %
- Education 4.3 % 12.6 bn € 10,2 %
- Social protection 17.1 % 49.6 bn € 40,5 %
- Police 0.9 % 2.7 bn € 60,0 %
- Civil protection 0.2 % 551 m € 13,3 %
- Courts 0.3 % 832 m € 20,0 %
- Prisons 0.1 % 364 m € 6,7 %
- Research (order and safety) 0.0 % 14 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 31.1 % 90.1 bn € 62,2 %
- Local government 6.6 % 19.1 bn € 13,2 %
- Social security 12.3 % 35.7 bn € 24,6 %
- Wages and contributions 10.5 % 30.3 bn € 25,2 %
- Goods and services bought 5.2 % 15.1 bn € 12,5 %
- Social benefits 18.0 % 52.1 bn € 43,2 %
- Subsidies 0.7 % 1.9 bn € 1,7 %
- Property income 2.0 % 5.9 bn € 4,8 %
- Investment 2.8 % 8.0 bn € 6,7 %
- Other transfers 2.5 % 7.4 bn € 6,0 %
Revenue
What the state levies, on what, and who collects it.
Total tax burden, % of GDP
37.3 %
European Union 2024
40.3 %
−3.3 %
Taxes and social contributions together, including the share that goes to the Union.
Taxes, in euros
114.5 bn €
VAT, % of GDP
9.2 %
European Union 2024
7.1 %
+2.0 %
Income taxes, % of GDP
9.7 %
European Union 2024
12.8 %
−2.9 %
Social contributions, % of GDP
12.6 %
European Union 2024
14.0 %
−1.6 %
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- VAT 9.2 % 28.2 bn € 25,1 %
- Other taxes on products 3.6 % 11.0 bn € 9,8 %
- Other taxes on production 1.2 % 3.7 bn € 3,3 %
- Income taxes 9.7 % 29.8 bn € 26,5 %
- Other current taxes 0.3 % 945 m € 0,8 %
- Social contributions 12.6 % 38.8 bn € 34,4 %
- Capital taxes 0.0 % 0 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 24.7 % 75.6 bn € 66,2 %
- Local government 2.5 % 7.8 bn € 6,7 %
- Social security 10.0 % 30.6 bn € 26,8 %
- European Union 0.1 % 418 m € 0,3 %
Justice
Prisoners, prison places, judicial staff and homicides.
Prisoners per 100,000 people
117.6
The number of people held, including those awaiting trial. A country that judges slowly locks up more people who have not been convicted.
People held in prison
12,507
Police officers per 100,000 people
437.5
Prison staff per 100,000 people
47.8
Judges per 100,000 people
16.1
Homicides per 100,000 people
0.7
- Nationals 10,341 82,7 %
- Foreigners 2,166 17,3 %
Read alongside the share of foreigners in the population, which varies widely, and the fact that a non-resident is more often held on remand for want of guarantees of appearance.
- Men 11,577 92,6 %
- Women 930 7,4 %
Society
Population, employment, prices, poverty and inequality.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union