Debt
What the state owes, to whom, at what maturity and at what price.
Public debt, % of GDP
60.6 %
European Union 82.9 %
−22.3 %
Public debt, in euros
86.4 bn €
10-year borrowing rate
4.2 %
European Union 4.2 %
−0.0 %
The rate at which the state borrows today, on the markets. It applies only to new debt.
Apparent cost of debt
2.6 %
What already-contracted debt actually costs: long debt still carries the rates of ten years ago, and takes just as long to absorb today’s.
Interest burden, % of GDP
1.5 %
European Union 1.9 %
−0.4 %
Government balance, % of GDP
-4.4 %
European Union -3.1 %
−1.3 %
A negative balance is a deficit. The figure covers general government — central, regional, local and social security — never the central budget alone.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Held abroad 59,8 % 50.2 bn € 36.7 %
- Central bank 17,9 % 15.0 bn € 11.0 %
- Banks and money-market funds 18,6 % 15.6 bn € 11.4 %
- Insurers and pension funds 2,4 % 2.0 bn € 1.5 %
- Non-financial corporations 0,7 % 592 m € 0.4 %
- Households 0,7 % 521 m € 0.4 %
- Under one year 0,5 % 425 m € 0.3 %
- 1 to 5 years 6,2 % 5.1 bn € 3.8 %
- 5 to 10 years 30,8 % 25.8 bn € 18.9 %
- 10 to 30 years 51,1 % 43.0 bn € 31.4 %
- Over 30 years 11,4 % 9.6 bn € 7.0 %
- Currency and deposits 0,2 % 124 m € 0.1 %
- Debt securities 89,4 % 75.0 bn € 54.1 %
- Loans 10,4 % 8.8 bn € 6.3 %
Output
What the country produces in a year, where that demand comes from, and how the product is shared out.
Gross domestic product
138.7 bn €
GDP growth
0.9 %
European Union 1.4 %
−0.5 %
GDP per head (EU = 100)
75.8
European Union 100.0
−24.2
Adjusted for price differences between countries: one hundred means “the EU average”. Without that adjustment, comparing a Bulgarian wage with a Danish one means nothing.
Government consumption, % of GDP
21.1 %
European Union 21.5 %
−0.4 %
What the state consumes itself — schools, hospitals, administration. Not its transfers, its investment or its debt: total public spending is far higher.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Household consumption 81.1 bn €
- Government consumption 29.2 bn €
- Investment 27.1 bn €
- Change in inventories 803 m €
- Exports 115.4 bn €
- Imports (subtracted) 115.0 bn €
- Wages and contributions 59.1 bn € 42,6 %
- Profits and mixed income 65.6 bn € 47,3 %
- Net taxes on products 14.0 bn € 10,1 %
Budget
What the state spends, on which functions, through which level of government.
Government spending, % of GDP
47.5 %
European Union 48.8 %
−1.3 %
Government spending, in euros
61.8 bn €
This country European Union
- General public services 5.5 % 7.1 bn € 11,6 %
- Defence 1.4 % 1.8 bn € 2,9 %
- Public order and safety 2.3 % 3.0 bn € 4,8 %
- Economic affairs 5.5 % 7.1 bn € 11,6 %
- Environment 0.8 % 980 m € 1,7 %
- Housing and amenities 0.5 % 619 m € 1,1 %
- Health 6.9 % 9.0 bn € 14,5 %
- Recreation, culture and religion 1.1 % 1.5 bn € 2,3 %
- Education 5.1 % 6.7 bn € 10,7 %
- Social protection 18.4 % 24.0 bn € 38,7 %
- Police 0.9 % 1.2 bn € 56,3 %
- Civil protection 0.2 % 232 m € 12,5 %
- Courts 0.3 % 423 m € 18,7 %
- Prisons 0.2 % 281 m € 12,5 %
- Research (order and safety) 0.0 % 0 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 32.3 % 42.0 bn € 56,1 %
- Local government 8.0 % 10.4 bn € 13,9 %
- Social security 17.3 % 22.5 bn € 30,0 %
- Wages and contributions 11.4 % 14.8 bn € 24,4 %
- Goods and services bought 5.7 % 7.4 bn € 12,2 %
- Social benefits 20.9 % 27.3 bn € 44,7 %
- Subsidies 1.7 % 2.2 bn € 3,6 %
- Property income 1.4 % 1.9 bn € 3,0 %
- Investment 3.6 % 4.7 bn € 7,7 %
- Other transfers 2.1 % 2.8 bn € 4,5 %
Revenue
What the state levies, on what, and who collects it.
Total tax burden, % of GDP
36.1 %
European Union 40.7 %
−4.6 %
Taxes and social contributions together, including the share that goes to the Union.
Taxes, in euros
50.1 bn €
VAT, % of GDP
7.7 %
European Union 7.2 %
+0.5 %
Income taxes, % of GDP
7.9 %
European Union 12.8 %
−4.9 %
Social contributions, % of GDP
16.2 %
European Union 14.3 %
+1.9 %
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- VAT 7.7 % 10.7 bn € 21,3 %
- Other taxes on products 3.1 % 4.3 bn € 8,6 %
- Other taxes on production 1.1 % 1.5 bn € 3,0 %
- Income taxes 7.9 % 11.0 bn € 21,9 %
- Other current taxes 0.1 % 116 m € 0,3 %
- Social contributions 16.2 % 22.4 bn € 44,9 %
- Capital taxes 0.0 % 0 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 19.9 % 27.7 bn € 55,1 %
- Local government 0.6 % 869 m € 1,7 %
- Social security 15.5 % 21.5 bn € 42,9 %
- European Union 0.1 % 142 m € 0,3 %
Justice
Prisoners, prison places, judicial staff and homicides.
Prisoners per 100,000 people
150.6
The number of people held, including those awaiting trial. A country that judges slowly locks up more people who have not been convicted.
People held in prison
8,169
Police officers per 100,000 people
345.8
Prison staff per 100,000 people
97.5
Judges per 100,000 people
24.6
Homicides per 100,000 people
1.1
- Nationals 7,793 95,4 %
- Foreigners 376 4,6 %
Read alongside the share of foreigners in the population, which varies widely, and the fact that a non-resident is more often held on remand for want of guarantees of appearance.
- Men 7,576 92,7 %
- Women 593 7,3 %
Society
Population, employment, prices, poverty and inequality.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union