Letonia

Republic of Latvia

A Hanseatic crossroads where Baltic Germans, Swedes and Russians followed one another, Latvia made its language and its songs the core of its resistance.

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Herencia

Riga, founded in 1201 by a missionary bishop, became a Hanseatic capital and Europe's largest Art Nouveau ensemble. The Reformation translated the Bible into Latvian very early; the song festivals, born in 1873 on the German model, are listed as intangible heritage of humanity.

Historia

The Christianisation of Livonia, led from 1200 by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, inserted the region into the Latin West. Riga joined the Hanse and became one of the great Baltic ports.

Swedish in the seventeenth century, Russian from 1710, Latvia retained a Baltic German elite that administered the country into the twentieth century. The national awakening rested on the first song festivals and on Lutheran literacy.

Independent in 1918, occupied successively by the USSR, Germany and the USSR again, Latvia lost a third of its population between 1940 and 1949. The Singing Revolution and the Baltic Way led to restored independence in 1991. The country joined the Union and NATO in 2004, the euro in 2014.

Hitos

1201 Cristianización

Foundation of Riga

Bishop Albert establishes a mission city that will become the metropolis of the eastern Baltic.

1282 Edad Media

Riga joins the Hanse

Trade in timber, flax and grain links Livonia to Lübeck, Bruges and Novgorod.

1685 Edad Moderna

Bible in Latvian

Ernst Glück’s translation fixes the written language and spreads reading through the parishes.

1873 Edad Moderna

First song festival

Dozens of choirs gather in Riga: song becomes the nation’s political expression.

1918 Edad Moderna

Proclamation of independence

On 18 November the Republic of Latvia is proclaimed in Riga.

1991 Época contemporánea

Independence of Latvia restored

After the Singing Revolution, Latvia regains its sovereignty.

2004 Construcción europea participó

The big bang enlargement

Ten states, eight of them formerly communist, join the Union: the continent’s division ends.

2014 Construcción europea

Euro adoption in Latvia

The lats gives way to the euro five years after one of Europe’s severest financial crises.

Panorama político

Resultados de las europeas de junio de 2024 y su traducción en grupos del Parlamento Europeo.

JV — Jaunā Vienotība 2
NA — Nacionālā apvienība 2
ZZS — Zaļo un Zemnieku savienība 1
PRO — Progresīvie 1
LPV — Latvija pirmajā vietā 1
S — Saskaņa 1
AS — Apvienotais saraksts 1

Reparto de escaños europeos

Grupo del Partido Popular Europeo (Demócrata-Cristianos) 3
Grupo de los Conservadores y Reformistas Europeos 2
Grupo de Los Verdes/Alianza Libre Europea 2
Grupo Europa de las Naciones Soberanas 1
Grupo de la Alianza Progresista de Socialistas y Demócratas en el Parlamento Europeo 1

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El Estado en cifras

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Deuda pública, en % del PIB 48,0 % 1,8 % PIB por habitante (UE = 100) 71,1 2,0 Gasto público, en % del PIB 45,6 % 2,2 % Presión fiscal, en % del PIB 34,2 % 0,7 % Presos por 100 000 habitantes 186,6 12,9