Lettonia

Republic of Latvia

A Hanseatic crossroads where Baltic Germans, Swedes and Russians followed one another, Latvia made its language and its songs the core of its resistance.

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Eredità

Riga, founded in 1201 by a missionary bishop, became a Hanseatic capital and Europe's largest Art Nouveau ensemble. The Reformation translated the Bible into Latvian very early; the song festivals, born in 1873 on the German model, are listed as intangible heritage of humanity.

Storia

The Christianisation of Livonia, led from 1200 by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, inserted the region into the Latin West. Riga joined the Hanse and became one of the great Baltic ports.

Swedish in the seventeenth century, Russian from 1710, Latvia retained a Baltic German elite that administered the country into the twentieth century. The national awakening rested on the first song festivals and on Lutheran literacy.

Independent in 1918, occupied successively by the USSR, Germany and the USSR again, Latvia lost a third of its population between 1940 and 1949. The Singing Revolution and the Baltic Way led to restored independence in 1991. The country joined the Union and NATO in 2004, the euro in 2014.

Tappe

1201 Cristianizzazione

Foundation of Riga

Bishop Albert establishes a mission city that will become the metropolis of the eastern Baltic.

1282 Medioevo

Riga joins the Hanse

Trade in timber, flax and grain links Livonia to Lübeck, Bruges and Novgorod.

1685 Età moderna

Bible in Latvian

Ernst Glück’s translation fixes the written language and spreads reading through the parishes.

1873 Età moderna

First song festival

Dozens of choirs gather in Riga: song becomes the nation’s political expression.

1918 Età moderna

Proclamation of independence

On 18 November the Republic of Latvia is proclaimed in Riga.

1991 Età contemporanea

Independence of Latvia restored

After the Singing Revolution, Latvia regains its sovereignty.

2004 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

The big bang enlargement

Ten states, eight of them formerly communist, join the Union: the continent’s division ends.

2014 Costruzione europea

Euro adoption in Latvia

The lats gives way to the euro five years after one of Europe’s severest financial crises.

Paesaggio politico

Risultati delle europee di giugno 2024 e loro traduzione in gruppi del Parlamento europeo.

JV — Jaunā Vienotība 2
NA — Nacionālā apvienība 2
ZZS — Zaļo un Zemnieku savienība 1
PRO — Progresīvie 1
LPV — Latvija pirmajā vietā 1
S — Saskaņa 1
AS — Apvienotais saraksts 1

Ripartizione dei seggi europei

Gruppo del Partito Popolare Europeo (Democratico Cristiano) 3
Gruppo dei Conservatori e Riformisti Europei 2
Gruppo dei Verdi/Alleanza libera europea 2
Gruppo Europa delle Nazioni Sovrane 1
Gruppo dell'Alleanza Progressista di Socialisti e Democratici al Parlamento europeo 1

Attualità collegate

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Lo Stato in cifre

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Debito pubblico, in % del PIL 48,0 % 1,8 % PIL per abitante (UE = 100) 71,1 2,0 Spesa pubblica, in % del PIL 45,6 % 2,2 % Pressione fiscale, in % del PIL 34,2 % 0,7 % Detenuti ogni 100 000 abitanti 186,6 12,9