Suecia

Kingdom of Sweden

From a great Baltic power of the seventeenth century to a Scandinavian social model, Sweden broke in 2024 with two centuries of non-alignment.

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Herencia

Christianised late, around the year 1000, Sweden adopted the Reformation from 1527 and made Lutheranism a national cement. The literacy imposed by the Church from the seventeenth century so that Scripture could be read directly explains the Nordic countries' lasting educational lead.

Historia

Viking expansion, turned eastward, founded trading posts that would give rise to Kievan Rus'. Christianisation, completed in the twelfth century, integrated the kingdom into Latin Christendom.

Gustav Vasa founded a modern state in 1523 and broke with Rome; a century later Gustavus Adolphus made Sweden the Protestant arbiter of the Thirty Years' War and the dominant Baltic power. Defeat by Russia in 1721 and the loss of Finland in 1809 ended that hegemony.

From 1814 Sweden knew no more war: neutrality, late but rapid industrialisation, then the construction of the welfare state in the 1930s. A member of the Union since 1995 without adopting the euro, it joined NATO on 7 March 2024 in response to the invasion of Ukraine.

Hitos

1000 Cristianización

Christianisation of Sweden

The baptism of Olof Skötkonung anchors the kingdom to Latin Christendom and to writing.

1523 Renacimiento y Reformas

Gustav Vasa

Break with Denmark and with Rome: the birth of the modern Lutheran Swedish state.

1632 Edad Moderna

Gustavus Adolphus at Lützen

Death of the “Lion of the North”, who had made Sweden the dominant Baltic power.

1766 Edad Moderna

First freedom of the press act

Sweden adopts the world’s first law guaranteeing public access to official documents.

1814 Edad Moderna

Beginning of neutrality

Sweden’s last war. Two centuries of non-alignment begin.

1905 Edad Moderna actor principal

Independence of Norway

The union with Sweden is peacefully dissolved after a massive referendum.

1949 Construcción europea participó

Council of Europe

Ten states found in London the first European political organisation, matrix of the Convention on Human Rights.

1995 Construcción europea

Accession of Sweden to the Union

With Austria and Finland, Sweden joins the EU; it will reject the euro by referendum in 2003.

1995 Construcción europea participó

Nordic enlargement

Austria, Finland and Sweden bring the Union to fifteen members.

2015 Construcción europea se vio afectado

Migration crisis

More than a million asylum seekers arrive in a single year; Schengen is put to the test.

2024 Época contemporánea

NATO accession of Sweden

On 7 March Sweden becomes the 32nd ally, ending two centuries of neutrality.

Panorama político

Resultados de las europeas de junio de 2024 y su traducción en grupos del Parlamento Europeo.

S — Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti 5
M — Moderata samlingspartiet 4
MP — Miljöpartiet de gröna 3
SD — Sverigedemokraterna 3
V — Vänsterpartiet 2
C — Centerpartiet 2
KD — Kristdemokraterna 2

Reparto de escaños europeos

Grupo del Partido Popular Europeo (Demócrata-Cristianos) 6
Grupo de la Alianza Progresista de Socialistas y Demócratas en el Parlamento Europeo 5
Grupo de Los Verdes/Alianza Libre Europea 3
Grupo de los Conservadores y Reformistas Europeos 3
El Grupo de la Izquierda en el Parlamento Europeo — GUE/NGL 2
Grupo Renew Europe 2

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El Estado en cifras

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Deuda pública, en % del PIB 35,3 % 0,3 % PIB por habitante (UE = 100) 110,9 0,5 Gasto público, en % del PIB 50,0 % 0,2 % Presión fiscal, en % del PIB 41,2 % 0,6 % Presos por 100 000 habitantes 106,5 13,8