Schweden

Kingdom of Sweden

From a great Baltic power of the seventeenth century to a Scandinavian social model, Sweden broke in 2024 with two centuries of non-alignment.

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Erbe

Christianised late, around the year 1000, Sweden adopted the Reformation from 1527 and made Lutheranism a national cement. The literacy imposed by the Church from the seventeenth century so that Scripture could be read directly explains the Nordic countries' lasting educational lead.

Geschichte

Viking expansion, turned eastward, founded trading posts that would give rise to Kievan Rus'. Christianisation, completed in the twelfth century, integrated the kingdom into Latin Christendom.

Gustav Vasa founded a modern state in 1523 and broke with Rome; a century later Gustavus Adolphus made Sweden the Protestant arbiter of the Thirty Years' War and the dominant Baltic power. Defeat by Russia in 1721 and the loss of Finland in 1809 ended that hegemony.

From 1814 Sweden knew no more war: neutrality, late but rapid industrialisation, then the construction of the welfare state in the 1930s. A member of the Union since 1995 without adopting the euro, it joined NATO on 7 March 2024 in response to the invasion of Ukraine.

Meilensteine

1000 Christianisierung

Christianisation of Sweden

The baptism of Olof Skötkonung anchors the kingdom to Latin Christendom and to writing.

1523 Renaissance und Reformationen

Gustav Vasa

Break with Denmark and with Rome: the birth of the modern Lutheran Swedish state.

1632 Frühe Neuzeit

Gustavus Adolphus at Lützen

Death of the “Lion of the North”, who had made Sweden the dominant Baltic power.

1766 Frühe Neuzeit

First freedom of the press act

Sweden adopts the world’s first law guaranteeing public access to official documents.

1814 Frühe Neuzeit

Beginning of neutrality

Sweden’s last war. Two centuries of non-alignment begin.

1905 Frühe Neuzeit Hauptakteur

Independence of Norway

The union with Sweden is peacefully dissolved after a massive referendum.

1949 Europäischer Aufbau war beteiligt

Council of Europe

Ten states found in London the first European political organisation, matrix of the Convention on Human Rights.

1995 Europäischer Aufbau

Accession of Sweden to the Union

With Austria and Finland, Sweden joins the EU; it will reject the euro by referendum in 2003.

1995 Europäischer Aufbau war beteiligt

Nordic enlargement

Austria, Finland and Sweden bring the Union to fifteen members.

2015 Europäischer Aufbau war betroffen

Migration crisis

More than a million asylum seekers arrive in a single year; Schengen is put to the test.

2024 Zeitgeschichte

NATO accession of Sweden

On 7 March Sweden becomes the 32nd ally, ending two centuries of neutrality.

Politische Landschaft

Ergebnisse der Europawahl vom Juni 2024 und ihre Übersetzung in Fraktionen des Europäischen Parlaments.

S — Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti 5
M — Moderata samlingspartiet 4
MP — Miljöpartiet de gröna 3
SD — Sverigedemokraterna 3
V — Vänsterpartiet 2
C — Centerpartiet 2
KD — Kristdemokraterna 2

Verteilung der europäischen Sitze

Fraktion der Europäischen Volkspartei (Christdemokraten) 6
Fraktion der Progressiven Allianz der Sozialdemokraten im Europäischen Parlament 5
Fraktion Die Grünen/Europäische Freie Allianz 3
Fraktion der Europäischen Konservativen und Reformer 3
Die Linke im Europäischen Parlament — GUE/NGL 2
Fraktion Renew Europe 2

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Staatsschulden, in % des BIP 34,9 % 0,2 % BIP pro Kopf (EU = 100) 111,1 0,5 Staatsausgaben, in % des BIP 50,5 % 0,5 % Abgabenquote, in % des BIP 41,8 % 0,4 % Gefangene je 100 000 Einwohner 106,5 13,8