Irland

Ireland (Éire)

Never Romanised but Christianised from the fifth century, Ireland re-evangelised continental Europe before becoming its Atlantic platform.

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Erbe

Irish monks copied and saved a considerable share of Latin literature: the Book of Kells is its summit. Columbanus founded Luxeuil and Bobbio; his disciples spread from Burgundy to Swabia. Ireland thereby transmitted to continental Europe ancient texts it had never itself received from Rome.

Geschichte

Outside the Roman Empire, Ireland was Christianised in the fifth century by Patrick. In the sixth to eighth centuries its monasteries became the West's leading centres of manuscript copying and sent missionaries across the continent.

After the Viking invasions and the Anglo-Norman intervention of 1169, the island entered a long dependence on England, worsened by confiscations, anti-papist penal laws and the Great Famine of 1845-1852, which caused a million deaths and two million emigrants.

The Easter Rising of 1916 led to independence in 1922 and the Republic in 1949. Accession to the Communities in 1973 transformed the economy; the Good Friday Agreement of 1998 pacified Northern Ireland. Brexit today makes Ireland the continent's only English-speaking member state.

Meilensteine

432 Christianisierung

Mission of Saint Patrick

The island is Christianised without ever having been Roman: a unique case in Western Europe.

590 Christianisierung

Columbanus on the continent

The Irish monk founds Luxeuil then Bobbio and replants monastic life in Gaul and Italy.

800 Mittelalter

The Book of Kells

A masterpiece of insular illumination, symbol of Ireland’s role in transmitting texts.

1845 Frühe Neuzeit

The Great Famine

A million dead, two million exiled: the island’s population has never recovered.

1916 Zeitgeschichte

Easter Rising

The Dublin revolt, at first isolated, sets the independence process in motion.

1949 Europäischer Aufbau war beteiligt

Council of Europe

Ten states found in London the first European political organisation, matrix of the Convention on Human Rights.

1973 Europäischer Aufbau

Accession of Ireland to the Communities

Ireland joins with the United Kingdom and begins its economic transformation.

1973 Europäischer Aufbau war beteiligt

First enlargement

Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom join the Communities, which grow from six to nine.

1992 Europäischer Aufbau war beteiligt

Maastricht Treaty

The European Union is created, with European citizenship and the timetable for the single currency.

1998 Zeitgeschichte

Good Friday Agreement

Thirty years of conflict end; the Irish border becomes invisible.

1999 Europäischer Aufbau war beteiligt

Birth of the euro

Eleven currencies are irrevocably fixed; the European Central Bank takes up its functions.

2010 Europäischer Aufbau war betroffen

Sovereign debt crisis

The euro area urgently creates unprecedented financial solidarity mechanisms.

Politische Landschaft

Ergebnisse der Europawahl vom Juni 2024 und ihre Übersetzung in Fraktionen des Europäischen Parlaments.

Ind. — Independents 4
FF — Fianna Fáil 4
FG — Fine Gael 4
SF — Sinn Féin 2

Verteilung der europäischen Sitze

Fraktionslose Mitglieder 4
Fraktion Renew Europe 4
Fraktion der Europäischen Volkspartei (Christdemokraten) 4
Die Linke im Europäischen Parlament — GUE/NGL 2

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Der Staat in Zahlen

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Staatsschulden, in % des BIP 35,3 % 1,7 % BIP pro Kopf (EU = 100) 223,5 3,7 Staatsausgaben, in % des BIP 22,4 % 0,0 % Abgabenquote, in % des BIP 22,7 % 0,1 % Gefangene je 100 000 Einwohner 95,7 5,9