Irlanda

Ireland (Éire)

Never Romanised but Christianised from the fifth century, Ireland re-evangelised continental Europe before becoming its Atlantic platform.

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Eredità

Irish monks copied and saved a considerable share of Latin literature: the Book of Kells is its summit. Columbanus founded Luxeuil and Bobbio; his disciples spread from Burgundy to Swabia. Ireland thereby transmitted to continental Europe ancient texts it had never itself received from Rome.

Storia

Outside the Roman Empire, Ireland was Christianised in the fifth century by Patrick. In the sixth to eighth centuries its monasteries became the West's leading centres of manuscript copying and sent missionaries across the continent.

After the Viking invasions and the Anglo-Norman intervention of 1169, the island entered a long dependence on England, worsened by confiscations, anti-papist penal laws and the Great Famine of 1845-1852, which caused a million deaths and two million emigrants.

The Easter Rising of 1916 led to independence in 1922 and the Republic in 1949. Accession to the Communities in 1973 transformed the economy; the Good Friday Agreement of 1998 pacified Northern Ireland. Brexit today makes Ireland the continent's only English-speaking member state.

Tappe

432 Cristianizzazione

Mission of Saint Patrick

The island is Christianised without ever having been Roman: a unique case in Western Europe.

590 Cristianizzazione

Columbanus on the continent

The Irish monk founds Luxeuil then Bobbio and replants monastic life in Gaul and Italy.

800 Medioevo

The Book of Kells

A masterpiece of insular illumination, symbol of Ireland’s role in transmitting texts.

1845 Età moderna

The Great Famine

A million dead, two million exiled: the island’s population has never recovered.

1916 Età contemporanea

Easter Rising

The Dublin revolt, at first isolated, sets the independence process in motion.

1949 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

Council of Europe

Ten states found in London the first European political organisation, matrix of the Convention on Human Rights.

1973 Costruzione europea

Accession of Ireland to the Communities

Ireland joins with the United Kingdom and begins its economic transformation.

1973 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

First enlargement

Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom join the Communities, which grow from six to nine.

1992 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

Maastricht Treaty

The European Union is created, with European citizenship and the timetable for the single currency.

1998 Età contemporanea

Good Friday Agreement

Thirty years of conflict end; the Irish border becomes invisible.

1999 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

Birth of the euro

Eleven currencies are irrevocably fixed; the European Central Bank takes up its functions.

2010 Costruzione europea ne è stato toccato

Sovereign debt crisis

The euro area urgently creates unprecedented financial solidarity mechanisms.

Paesaggio politico

Risultati delle europee di giugno 2024 e loro traduzione in gruppi del Parlamento europeo.

Ind. — Independents 4
FF — Fianna Fáil 4
FG — Fine Gael 4
SF — Sinn Féin 2

Ripartizione dei seggi europei

Deputati non iscritti 4
Gruppo Renew Europe 4
Gruppo del Partito Popolare Europeo (Democratico Cristiano) 4
Il Gruppo della Sinistra al Parlamento europeo — GUE/NGL 2

Attualità collegate

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Lo Stato in cifre

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Debito pubblico, in % del PIL 35,3 % 1,7 % PIL per abitante (UE = 100) 223,5 3,7 Spesa pubblica, in % del PIL 22,4 % 0,0 % Pressione fiscale, in % del PIL 22,7 % 0,1 % Detenuti ogni 100 000 abitanti 95,7 5,9