Lussemburgo

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

A dismantled fortress turned financial centre and judicial capital of the Union, Luxembourg is the laboratory of European multilingualism.

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Eredità

The House of Luxembourg gave four emperors to the Holy Roman Empire, including Charles IV. The cathedral of Notre-Dame and the Octave pilgrimage still shape the civic year. Three official languages — Luxembourgish, French, German — coexist in administration, a unique case in the Union.

Storia

Founded in 963 around a castle on the Bock promontory, the county then duchy of Luxembourg gave the Holy Roman Empire several emperors in the fourteenth century. Its fortress, constantly strengthened by Burgundians, Spaniards, French and Austrians, earned it the nickname “Gibraltar of the North”.

The Treaty of London of 1867 required the dismantling of the stronghold and guaranteed the Grand Duchy's neutrality. Invaded in 1914 and 1940, the country abandoned that neutrality in 1949 by co-founding NATO.

A founding member of Benelux and then of the Communities, Luxembourg hosted from 1952 the ECSC High Authority, Europe's first supranational institution. The city today houses the Court of Justice, the Court of Auditors and the European Investment Bank.

Tappe

963 Medioevo

Foundation of Lucilinburhuc

Siegfried acquires a rock on the Alzette: the castle will give the country its name.

1354 Medioevo

Elevation to duchy

Charles IV raises his native county to a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire.

1815 Età moderna

Creation of the Grand Duchy

The Congress of Vienna makes Luxembourg a sovereign state in personal union with the Netherlands.

1867 Età moderna

Treaty of London

The fortress is dismantled and the country’s neutrality guaranteed by the powers.

1949 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

Council of Europe

Ten states found in London the first European political organisation, matrix of the Convention on Human Rights.

1951 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

Treaty of Paris — ECSC

Six states create the European Coal and Steel Community, the continent’s first supranational institution.

1952 Costruzione europea

Seat of the High Authority

Europe’s first supranational institution settles in Luxembourg.

1957 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

Treaties of Rome

The EEC and Euratom are established; the common market and the four freedoms are laid down.

1968 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

Customs union

Internal tariffs disappear eighteen months ahead of schedule.

1985 Costruzione europea attore principale

Schengen Agreement

Five states sign on the Moselle an agreement progressively abolishing internal border controls.

1992 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

Maastricht Treaty

The European Union is created, with European citizenship and the timetable for the single currency.

1999 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

Birth of the euro

Eleven currencies are irrevocably fixed; the European Central Bank takes up its functions.

Paesaggio politico

Risultati delle europee di giugno 2024 e loro traduzione in gruppi del Parlamento europeo.

CSV — Chrëschtlech Sozial Vollekspartei 2
DP — Demokratesch Partei 1
LSAP — Lëtzebuergesch Sozialistesch Aarbechterpartei 1
Gréng — Déi Gréng 1
ADR — Alternativ Demokratesch Reformpartei 1

Ripartizione dei seggi europei

Gruppo del Partito Popolare Europeo (Democratico Cristiano) 2
Gruppo Renew Europe 1
Gruppo dell'Alleanza Progressista di Socialisti e Democratici al Parlamento europeo 1
Gruppo dei Verdi/Alleanza libera europea 1
Gruppo dei Conservatori e Riformisti Europei 1

Attualità collegate

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Debito pubblico, in % del PIL 28,2 % 0,4 % PIL per abitante (UE = 100) 243,3 3,0 Spesa pubblica, in % del PIL 49,1 % 2,3 % Pressione fiscale, in % del PIL 42,2 % 0,3 % Detenuti ogni 100 000 abitanti 93,5 1,9