Grecia

Hellenic Republic

Without Greece there would be no philosophy, no democracy, no theatre, and no New Testament as we read it: this is where Europe learned to think.

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Eredità

Athens invented deliberative citizenship, Plato and Aristotle metaphysics, Hippocrates rational medicine. Greek became the language of the Septuagint and then of the Gospels; Byzantium preserved ancient manuscripts for a thousand years and returned them to the West at the Renaissance. Mount Athos has perpetuated Orthodox monasticism there for ten centuries.

Storia

Between the eighth and fourth centuries BC the Greek cities created the polis, generalised alphabetic writing, tragedy, critical history and philosophy. Athens experimented between 508 and 322 with the first documented direct democracy.

Alexander spread that culture from Egypt to the Indus; Hellenism became the common language of the eastern Mediterranean, including for the Jews of Alexandria and the first Christians. Absorbed by Rome in 146 BC, Greece transmitted its models: “captive Greece took captive her savage conqueror”, wrote Horace.

After a thousand years of Byzantine Empire and four Ottoman centuries, independence in 1830 was carried by a European philhellenism that saw in Greece its own origin. A member of the Communities since 1981, the country went through the euro area's gravest crisis from 2010.

Tappe

508 a.C. Antichità

Reforms of Cleisthenes

Athens entrusts power to the citizens’ assembly: the first documented democracy in history.

387 a.C. Antichità

Plato’s Academy

The West’s first philosophical institution; Aristotle studies there for twenty years before founding the Lyceum.

250 a.C. Antichità

The Septuagint

The Hebrew Bible is translated into Greek in Alexandria: a decisive bridge between Judaism and the Hellenistic world.

330 Cristianizzazione

Foundation of Constantinople

Constantine moves the imperial capital. A thousand years of Greek-speaking Christian empire begin.

1453 Medioevo

Fall of Constantinople

Byzantine scholars flee to Italy with their manuscripts, feeding the Renaissance directly.

1830 Età moderna

Greek independence

Backed by European philhellenism, Greece becomes a state again after four Ottoman centuries.

1981 Costruzione europea

Accession of Greece to the Communities

As the tenth member, Greece anchors its restored democracy in Community Europe.

1992 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

Maastricht Treaty

The European Union is created, with European citizenship and the timetable for the single currency.

2010 Costruzione europea ne è stato toccato

Sovereign debt crisis

The euro area urgently creates unprecedented financial solidarity mechanisms.

2015 Costruzione europea ne è stato toccato

Migration crisis

More than a million asylum seekers arrive in a single year; Schengen is put to the test.

2018 Costruzione europea attore principale

Prespa Agreement

The compromise with Greece over the name unlocks thirty years of diplomatic deadlock.

Paesaggio politico

Risultati delle europee di giugno 2024 e loro traduzione in gruppi del Parlamento europeo.

ND — Νέα Δημοκρατία 7
Autres — Φωνή Λογικής, ΝΙΚΗ, Πλεύση Ελευθερίας 3
SYRIZA — ΣΥΡΙΖΑ — Προοδευτική Συμμαχία 4
PASOK — ΠΑΣΟΚ — Κίνημα Αλλαγής 3
KKE — Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας 2
EL — Ελληνική Λύση 2

Ripartizione dei seggi europei

Gruppo del Partito Popolare Europeo (Democratico Cristiano) 7
Deputati non iscritti 5
Il Gruppo della Sinistra al Parlamento europeo — GUE/NGL 4
Gruppo dell'Alleanza Progressista di Socialisti e Democratici al Parlamento europeo 3
Gruppo dei Conservatori e Riformisti Europei 2

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Lo Stato in cifre

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Debito pubblico, in % del PIL 140,8 % 2,7 % PIL per abitante (UE = 100) 69,6 0,2 Spesa pubblica, in % del PIL 48,2 % 1,4 % Pressione fiscale, in % del PIL 41,3 % 0,3 % Detenuti ogni 100 000 abitanti 110,7 12,3