1867 Vertrag Frühe Neuzeit Luxemburg
Treaty of London
The fortress is dismantled and the country’s neutrality guaranteed by the powers.
Eine gemeinsame Geschichte
Der europäische Aufbau begann nicht 1950. Dieser Faden verbindet das antike Erbe, die jüdisch-christliche Matrix und die heutige Union.
326
Ereignisse
3600 v. Chr.
ältester Eintrag
46
vertretene Länder
0
bereits diskutiert
Dichte der Ereignisse
Vor 1500 ein Jahrhundert pro Balken, danach ein Jahrzehnt: Archive verteilen sich ungleich.
1860 :
2 Ereignisse
1870 :
6 Ereignisse
1900 :
4 Ereignisse
1910 :
13 Ereignisse
1920 :
4 Ereignisse
1930 :
3 Ereignisse
1940 :
10 Ereignisse
1950 :
7 Ereignisse
1960 :
7 Ereignisse
Antikes Griechenland
Frühmittelalter
Renaissance
Aufklärung
Europäisches Konzert
Europäische Einigung
Rom
Hoch- und Spätmittelalter
Reformation und Religionskriege
Zeitalter der Revolutionen
Weltkriege
Kalter Krieg
1860
1914
1969
56 Ereignisse
1850 1874
Europäisches Konzert 4 Ereignisse1867 Vertrag Frühe Neuzeit Ungarn
Austro-Hungarian Compromise
Budapest becomes the second capital of an empire of fifty million people.
1871 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Deutschland
Proclamation of the German Empire
At Versailles, Bismarck completes unification. A first-rank industrial power arises at the centre of the continent.
1873 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Lettland
First song festival
Dozens of choirs gather in Riga: song becomes the nation’s political expression.
1875 1899
Europäisches Konzert 4 Ereignisse1878 Vertrag Frühe Neuzeit Bulgarien
Treaty of Berlin
An autonomous Bulgarian principality is reborn after the Russo-Turkish war.
1878 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Serbien
Independence of Serbia recognised
The Congress of Berlin confirms Serbian sovereignty after four Ottoman centuries.
1878 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Montenegro
Independence of Montenegro recognised
The Congress of Berlin confirms a state the Ottomans had never fully subdued.
1878 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Bosnien und Herzegowina
Austro-Hungarian administration
The Congress of Berlin entrusts Bosnia to Vienna, which annexes it in 1908.
1900 1924
Europäisches Konzert 20 Ereignisse1900 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Österreich
Vienna 1900
Freud, Klimt, Mahler, Wittgenstein: the capital becomes the laboratory of European modernity.
1903 Krieg Frühe Neuzeit Nordmazedonien
Ilinden Uprising
The revolt against the Ottomans becomes the founding reference of the Macedonian state.
1905 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Norwegen Schweden
Independence of Norway
The union with Sweden is peacefully dissolved after a massive referendum.
1906 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Finnland
Universal suffrage
Finland is the first country in Europe to grant women both the vote and eligibility for office.
1910 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Portugal
Proclamation of the Republic in Portugal
The monarchy falls; the instability that follows will open the way to the Estado Novo.
1912 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Albanien
Independence of Albania
Proclaimed at Vlora on 28 November, at the end of the Balkan wars.
1914 Krieg Zeitgeschichte Serbien
Sarajevo assassination
The killing of the archduke sets off the chain reaction of the First World War.
1914 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Belgien
Violation of neutrality
The German invasion brings the United Kingdom into the war and freezes the Yser front.
1916 Krieg Zeitgeschichte Irland
Easter Rising
The Dublin revolt, at first isolated, sets the independence process in motion.
1917 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Finnland
Independence of Finland
On 6 December Finland separates from revolutionary Russia.
1918 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Rumänien
Greater Romania
Union with Transylvania and Bessarabia doubles the territory and population.
1918 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Tschechien
Birth of Czechoslovakia
Masaryk founds a parliamentary democracy that will remain unique in Central Europe.
1918 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Lettland
Proclamation of independence
On 18 November the Republic of Latvia is proclaimed in Riga.
1918 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Estland
Independence of Estonia
Proclaimed on 24 February, it is successfully defended in the war of liberation.
1918 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Slowenien
Entry into Yugoslavia
The fall of Austria-Hungary brings Slovenia into the kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
1918 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Montenegro
End of the kingdom
Montenegro is absorbed into the kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
1918 Ereignis Frühe Neuzeit Moldau Rumänien
Union with Romania
The Sfatul Țării votes for union, annulled by the USSR in 1940.
1920 Vertrag Frühe Neuzeit Ungarn
Treaty of Trianon
Hungary loses two-thirds of its territory; three million Magyars become minorities.
1923 Institution Zeitgeschichte Türkei
Founding of the Republic
Mustafa Kemal launches rapid Westernisation: Latin alphabet, Swiss civil code, secularism.
1923 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Liechtenstein Schweiz
Customs union with Switzerland
The Swiss franc becomes official currency; Bern represents the principality abroad.
1925 1949
Weltkriege 14 Ereignisse1929 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Vatikanstadt
Lateran Accords
Vatican City State is created; the Roman question is closed.
1932 Katastrophe Zeitgeschichte Ukraine
Holodomor
The famine engineered by Stalin kills millions; several states recognise it as genocide.
1939 Krieg Zeitgeschichte Polen
Invasion and occupation
Invaded by Germany then the USSR, Poland loses nearly a fifth of its population.
1939 Krieg Zeitgeschichte Finnland
Winter War
Facing Soviet invasion, Finnish resistance saves independence at the cost of Karelia.
1941 Krieg Zeitgeschichte Belarus
Occupation and destruction
A quarter of the population perishes; hundreds of villages are razed.
1942 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Malta
George Cross
King George VI decorates the entire island for its endurance under bombardment.
1943 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Bulgarien
Rescue of the Bulgarian Jews
Under pressure from the Orthodox Church and parliamentarians, deportation is cancelled.
1943 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Dänemark
Rescue of the Danish Jews
In a few nights, more than 7,000 Jews are evacuated to neutral Sweden.
1944 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Island
Proclamation of the Republic in Iceland
On 17 June, at Þingvellir, Iceland breaks the link with the Danish crown.
1944 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte San Marino
Sheltering refugees
The neutral republic houses more than 100,000 people, ten times its population.
1944 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Niederlande
Benelux customs union
Signed in London by the governments in exile, it prefigures the common market.
1944 Krieg Zeitgeschichte Slowakei
Slovak National Uprising
One of the largest armed revolts against the Axis in occupied Europe.
1949 Text Zeitgeschichte Deutschland
Bonn Basic Law
“Human dignity shall be inviolable”: Article 1 places the person — a Christian and humanist legacy — at the summit of the legal order.
1949 Institution Europäischer Aufbau
Council of Europe
Ten states found in London the first European political organisation, matrix of the Convention on Human Rights.
1950 1974
Europäische Einigung 14 Ereignisse1950 Text Europäischer Aufbau
Schuman Declaration
On 9 May France proposes placing coal and steel under a common authority. Community Europe is born of a material pooling.
1951 Vertrag Europäischer Aufbau
Treaty of Paris — ECSC
Six states create the European Coal and Steel Community, the continent’s first supranational institution.
1952 Krieg Europäischer Aufbau Luxemburg
Seat of the High Authority
Europe’s first supranational institution settles in Luxembourg.
1955 Vertrag Zeitgeschichte Österreich
Austrian State Treaty
The four powers withdraw; Austria proclaims perpetual neutrality.
1956 Krieg Zeitgeschichte Ungarn
Budapest uprising
The revolt is crushed by the Red Army; 200,000 Hungarians go into exile.
1957 Ereignis Europäischer Aufbau
Treaties of Rome
The EEC and Euratom are established; the common market and the four freedoms are laid down.
1957 Text Europäischer Aufbau Belgien
The Spaak Report
Belgian Paul-Henri Spaak drafts the preparatory text of the Treaties of Rome.
1960 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Zypern
Independence of Cyprus
The Republic of Cyprus is born of a compromise between Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
1962 Religion Zeitgeschichte Vatikanstadt
Second Vatican Council
The Church reforms its liturgy and redefines its relations with the modern world and Judaism.
1963 Vertrag Europäischer Aufbau Frankreich
Élysée Treaty
De Gaulle and Adenauer seal Franco-German reconciliation, the institutional engine of integration.
1963 Vertrag Europäischer Aufbau Türkei
Ankara Agreement
Association with the EEC explicitly envisages an accession perspective.
1963 Text Europäischer Aufbau
Van Gend en Loos judgment
The Court of Justice asserts direct effect: Community law creates rights for citizens themselves.
1964 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Malta
Independence of Malta
Malta leaves the British Empire and becomes a republic ten years later.
1967 Ereignis Zeitgeschichte Albanien
Religion banned
Albania proclaims itself the world’s first atheist state; churches and mosques are closed.