1453 Event Middle Ages Türkiye
Capture of Constantinople
Mehmed II ends the Eastern Roman Empire; Europe’s commercial and intellectual horizon shifts.
A shared history
European construction did not begin in 1950. This thread links the ancient inheritance, the Judeo-Christian matrix and the contemporary Union.
326
events
3600 BC
earliest marker
46
countries covered
0
already discussed
Event density
One century per bar before 1500, one decade after: archives are not evenly spread.
Ancient Greece
Early Middle Ages
Renaissance
Enlightenment
Concert of Europe
European integration
Rome
High and Late Middle Ages
Reformation and wars of religion
Age of revolutions
World wars
Cold War
1400
1474
1549
21 events
1400 1499
Renaissance 7 events1453 Event Middle Ages Greece
Fall of Constantinople
Byzantine scholars flee to Italy with their manuscripts, feeding the Renaissance directly.
1457 Figure Middle Ages Moldova
Reign of Stephen the Great
Forty-seven years of resistance to the Ottomans and of monastic foundations.
1463 War Middle Ages Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ottoman conquest of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Four centuries of rule begin; a large share of the population converts to Islam.
1492 Event Renaissance and Reformations Spain
1492
The fall of Granada, the decree expelling the Jews, Columbus’s departure: three ruptures in a single year.
1498 Discovery Renaissance and Reformations Portugal
Vasco da Gama reaches India
The sea route to the spices opens; Europe’s economy shifts from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic.
1499 War Renaissance and Reformations Switzerland
Swabian War
The Confederation becomes de facto free of the Holy Roman Empire, formally recognised in 1648.
1500 1599
Renaissance 14 events1506 Event Renaissance and Reformations Vatican City
Building of St Peter’s
Bramante, Michelangelo then Bernini build the largest Christian edifice in the world.
1516 Text Renaissance and Reformations Netherlands
Erasmus edits the Greek New Testament
The return to biblical sources opens the way to the Reformation and to modern textual criticism.
1516 Event Renaissance and Reformations Montenegro
Ecclesiastical principality
Power passes to the metropolitans of Cetinje: an Orthodox theocracy unique in Europe.
1517 Text Renaissance and Reformations Germany
Luther’s 95 Theses
At Wittenberg, Luther challenges indulgences. His German Bible founds the modern language and fractures Western Christendom.
1517 Text Renaissance and Reformations Belarus
Skaryna’s Bible
The first book printed in Ruthenian appears in Prague, a year after Erasmus.
1523 Event Renaissance and Reformations Sweden
Gustav Vasa
Break with Denmark and with Rome: the birth of the modern Lutheran Swedish state.
1526 Event Renaissance and Reformations Hungary
Disaster of Mohács
The Hungarian army is annihilated by Suleiman. The kingdom is partitioned for 150 years.
1534 Event Renaissance and Reformations United Kingdom
Act of Supremacy
Henry VIII breaks with Rome and declares himself head of the Church of England.
1536 Religion Renaissance and Reformations Denmark
Lutheran Reformation
The Church becomes a state Church; universal religious instruction prepares national literacy.
1536 Event Renaissance and Reformations Switzerland
Calvin in Geneva
The Institutes of the Christian Religion make Geneva a centre of the European Reformation.
1536 Event Renaissance and Reformations Slovakia
Pressburg, capital of Hungary
After Mohács, Bratislava becomes capital and coronation city of the Hungarian kingdom.
1539 Institution Renaissance and Reformations Spain
School of Salamanca
Francisco de Vitoria founds modern international law by questioning the legitimacy of conquest.
1539 Text Renaissance and Reformations France
Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts
Francis I imposes French in public acts: the vernacular supplants Latin in administration.
1548 Text Renaissance and Reformations Finland
The New Testament in Finnish
Mikael Agricola creates written Finnish so that Scripture is accessible to all.