1766 Text Early modern period Sweden
First freedom of the press act
Sweden adopts the world’s first law guaranteeing public access to official documents.
A shared history
European construction did not begin in 1950. This thread links the ancient inheritance, the Judeo-Christian matrix and the contemporary Union.
326
events
3600 BC
earliest marker
46
countries covered
0
already discussed
Event density
One century per bar before 1500, one decade after: archives are not evenly spread.
1760 :
1 event
1780 :
1 event
1790 :
1 event
1800 :
3 events
1810 :
5 events
1830 :
3 events
1840 :
5 events
1850 :
1 event
1860 :
2 events
Ancient Greece
Early Middle Ages
Renaissance
Enlightenment
Concert of Europe
European integration
Rome
High and Late Middle Ages
Reformation and wars of religion
Age of revolutions
World wars
Cold War
1760
1814
1869
22 events
1700 1799
Enlightenment 3 events1789 Text Early modern period France
Declaration of the Rights of Man
The Assembly proclaims universal rights. The political vocabulary of contemporary Europe flows directly from it.
1791 Text Early modern period Poland
Constitution of 3 May
Europe’s first written constitution, adopted shortly before the country’s third partition.
1800 1824
Age of revolutions 8 events1804 Text Early modern period France
Civil Code
Napoleon commissions a synthesis of Roman and customary law, exported from Spain to Poland.
1806 Event Early modern period Liechtenstein
Sovereignty acquired
The dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire leaves Liechtenstein fully sovereign.
1809 Event Early modern period Finland
Autonomous grand duchy
Attached to Russia, Finland keeps its Swedish laws and develops its institutions.
1812 Event Early modern period Moldova
Annexation of Bessarabia
Russia takes the eastern half of the principality at the Treaty of Bucharest.
1814 Text Early modern period Norway
Eidsvoll Constitution
On 17 May Norway adopts one of the most liberal constitutions of its time.
1814 Event Early modern period Sweden
Beginning of neutrality
Sweden’s last war. Two centuries of non-alignment begin.
1815 Treaty Early modern period Austria
Congress of Vienna
Metternich reorganises post-Napoleonic Europe: the continent’s first collective security system.
1815 Institution Early modern period Luxembourg Netherlands
Creation of the Grand Duchy
The Congress of Vienna makes Luxembourg a sovereign state in personal union with the Netherlands.
1825 1849
Concert of Europe 8 events1830 Event Early modern period Belgium
Belgian independence
The Brussels revolution creates a constitutional kingdom, neutral and guaranteed by the powers.
1830 Event Early modern period Greece
Greek independence
Backed by European philhellenism, Greece becomes a state again after four Ottoman centuries.
1835 Text Early modern period Finland
Publication of the Kalevala
Lönnrot compiles the national epic, the foundation of the Finnish cultural awakening.
1843 Event Early modern period Slovakia
Codification of Slovak
Ľudovít Štúr fixes the literary standard, a precondition of modern nationhood.
1845 Disaster Early modern period Ireland
The Great Famine
A million dead, two million exiled: the island’s population has never recovered.
1848 Text Early modern period Switzerland
Federal Constitution
After a brief civil war, Switzerland becomes a federal state with direct democracy.
1848 Event Early modern period Slovenia
United Slovenia programme
The springtime of peoples sees the first national political claim formulated.
1849 Text Early modern period Denmark
Liberal constitution
Absolutism ends; Denmark becomes a constitutional monarchy.
1850 1874
Concert of Europe 3 events1859 Event Early modern period Romania
Union of the principalities
Cuza is elected in both Iași and Bucharest: modern Romania appears on the map.
1861 Event Early modern period Italy
Italian unification
The Risorgimento produces the Kingdom of Italy; Rome joins in 1870, ending the Papal States.
1861 Treaty Early modern period Monaco
Franco-Monegasque treaty
Monaco cedes Menton and Roquebrune and sees its independence recognised.