Debt
What the state owes, to whom, at what maturity and at what price.
Public debt, % of GDP
101.4 %
European Union 82.9 %
+18.5 %
Public debt, in euros
1,762.9 bn €
10-year borrowing rate
3.9 %
European Union 4.2 %
−0.3 %
The rate at which the state borrows today, on the markets. It applies only to new debt.
Apparent cost of debt
2.6 %
What already-contracted debt actually costs: long debt still carries the rates of ten years ago, and takes just as long to absorb today’s.
Interest burden, % of GDP
2.4 %
European Union 1.9 %
+0.5 %
Government balance, % of GDP
-2.4 %
European Union -3.1 %
+0.7 %
A negative balance is a deficit. The figure covers general government — central, regional, local and social security — never the central budget alone.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Held abroad 49,0 % 831.0 bn € 49.3 %
- Central bank 20,4 % 346.6 bn € 20.5 %
- Banks and money-market funds 20,2 % 342.6 bn € 20.3 %
- Insurers and pension funds 8,8 % 149.9 bn € 8.9 %
- Non-financial corporations 0,3 % 5.6 bn € 0.3 %
- Households 1,3 % 22.5 bn € 1.3 %
- Under one year 5,2 % 88.1 bn € 5.2 %
- 1 to 5 years 9,5 % 161.9 bn € 9.6 %
- 5 to 10 years 33,2 % 564.0 bn € 33.4 %
- 10 to 30 years 47,0 % 797.3 bn € 47.3 %
- Over 30 years 5,2 % 86.9 bn € 5.2 %
- Currency and deposits 0,3 % 5.5 bn € 0.3 %
- Debt securities 89,3 % 1,515.7 bn € 89.7 %
- Loans 10,4 % 177.1 bn € 10.5 %
Output
What the country produces in a year, where that demand comes from, and how the product is shared out.
Gross domestic product
1,690.0 bn €
GDP growth
2.6 %
European Union 1.4 %
+1.2 %
GDP per head (EU = 100)
91.4
European Union 100.0
−8.6
Adjusted for price differences between countries: one hundred means “the EU average”. Without that adjustment, comparing a Bulgarian wage with a Danish one means nothing.
Government consumption, % of GDP
19.2 %
European Union 21.5 %
−2.3 %
What the state consumes itself — schools, hospitals, administration. Not its transfers, its investment or its debt: total public spending is far higher.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Household consumption 932.9 bn €
- Government consumption 324.5 bn €
- Investment 354.3 bn €
- Change in inventories 10.0 bn €
- Exports 616.5 bn €
- Imports (subtracted) 551.4 bn €
- Wages and contributions 817.3 bn € 48,4 %
- Profits and mixed income 703.7 bn € 41,6 %
- Net taxes on products 169.0 bn € 10,0 %
Budget
What the state spends, on which functions, through which level of government.
Government spending, % of GDP
45.5 %
European Union 48.8 %
−3.3 %
Government spending, in euros
725.0 bn €
This country European Union
- General public services 5.8 % 92.6 bn € 12,7 %
- Defence 0.9 % 14.2 bn € 2,0 %
- Public order and safety 1.8 % 28.6 bn € 3,9 %
- Economic affairs 5.1 % 80.9 bn € 11,2 %
- Environment 1.0 % 15.5 bn € 2,2 %
- Housing and amenities 0.5 % 7.6 bn € 1,1 %
- Health 6.5 % 102.9 bn € 14,3 %
- Recreation, culture and religion 1.2 % 19.2 bn € 2,6 %
- Education 4.1 % 65.9 bn € 9,0 %
- Social protection 18.7 % 297.5 bn € 41,0 %
- Police 1.1 % 17.5 bn € 64,7 %
- Civil protection 0.2 % 3.0 bn € 11,8 %
- Courts 0.3 % 5.4 bn € 17,6 %
- Prisons 0.1 % 2.3 bn € 5,9 %
- Research (order and safety) 0.0 % 2 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 22.4 % 357.7 bn € 36,6 %
- States and regions 16.8 % 268.0 bn € 27,5 %
- Local government 6.1 % 97.1 bn € 10,0 %
- Social security 15.9 % 252.8 bn € 26,0 %
- Wages and contributions 10.8 % 172.7 bn € 24,7 %
- Goods and services bought 5.6 % 89.5 bn € 12,8 %
- Social benefits 19.5 % 311.3 bn € 44,6 %
- Subsidies 1.2 % 18.4 bn € 2,7 %
- Property income 2.4 % 38.8 bn € 5,5 %
- Investment 2.7 % 43.3 bn € 6,2 %
- Other transfers 1.5 % 24.0 bn € 3,4 %
Revenue
What the state levies, on what, and who collects it.
Total tax burden, % of GDP
38.1 %
European Union 40.7 %
−2.6 %
Taxes and social contributions together, including the share that goes to the Union.
Taxes, in euros
644.5 bn €
VAT, % of GDP
6.8 %
European Union 7.2 %
−0.4 %
Income taxes, % of GDP
12.7 %
European Union 12.8 %
−0.1 %
Social contributions, % of GDP
13.2 %
European Union 14.3 %
−1.1 %
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- VAT 6.8 % 114.4 bn € 17,9 %
- Other taxes on products 3.1 % 52.2 bn € 8,2 %
- Other taxes on production 1.5 % 24.6 bn € 3,9 %
- Income taxes 12.7 % 215.0 bn € 33,4 %
- Other current taxes 0.3 % 5.6 bn € 0,8 %
- Social contributions 13.2 % 223.2 bn € 34,7 %
- Capital taxes 0.4 % 6.0 bn € 1,1 %
- Central government 16.3 % 275.2 bn € 42,8 %
- States and regions 6.3 % 107.1 bn € 16,5 %
- Local government 2.7 % 46.5 bn € 7,1 %
- Social security 12.6 % 212.8 bn € 33,1 %
- European Union 0.2 % 3.0 bn € 0,5 %
Justice
Prisoners, prison places, judicial staff and homicides.
Prisoners per 100,000 people
121.8
The number of people held, including those awaiting trial. A country that judges slowly locks up more people who have not been convicted.
People held in prison
59,226
Police officers per 100,000 people
379.0
Prison staff per 100,000 people
62.3
Judges per 100,000 people
6.2
Homicides per 100,000 people
0.7
- Nationals 39,887 67,3 %
- Foreigners 19,339 32,7 %
Read alongside the share of foreigners in the population, which varies widely, and the fact that a non-resident is more often held on remand for want of guarantees of appearance.
- Men 55,103 93,0 %
- Women 4,123 7,0 %
Society
Population, employment, prices, poverty and inequality.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union