Debt
What the state owes, to whom, at what maturity and at what price.
Public debt, % of GDP
34.9 %
European Union 82.9 %
−48.0 %
Public debt, in euros
213.9 bn €
10-year borrowing rate
3.0 %
European Union 3.9 %
−0.9 %
The rate at which the state borrows today, on the markets. It applies only to new debt.
Apparent cost of debt
1.9 %
What already-contracted debt actually costs: long debt still carries the rates of ten years ago, and takes just as long to absorb today’s.
Interest burden, % of GDP
0.6 %
European Union 1.9 %
−1.3 %
Government balance, % of GDP
-1.3 %
European Union -3.1 %
+1.8 %
A negative balance is a deficit. The figure covers general government — central, regional, local and social security — never the central budget alone.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Held abroad 23,1 % 48.9 bn € 8.1 %
- Central bank 3,7 % 7.9 bn € 1.3 %
- Banks and money-market funds 39,6 % 84.6 bn € 13.9 %
- Insurers and pension funds 25,6 % 54.8 bn € 9.0 %
- Non-financial corporations 6,8 % 14.7 bn € 2.4 %
- Households 1,1 % 2.1 bn € 0.4 %
- Under one year 28,8 % 61.5 bn € 10.1 %
- 1 to 5 years 18,5 % 39.4 bn € 6.5 %
- 5 to 10 years 20,5 % 43.8 bn € 7.2 %
- 10 to 30 years 30,2 % 64.1 bn € 10.6 %
- Over 30 years 2,0 % 4.2 bn € 0.7 %
- Currency and deposits 7,1 % 15.0 bn € 2.5 %
- Debt securities 59,3 % 126.3 bn € 20.8 %
- Loans 33,6 % 71.7 bn € 11.8 %
Output
What the country produces in a year, where that demand comes from, and how the product is shared out.
Gross domestic product
600.4 bn €
GDP growth
1.4 %
European Union 1.4 %
+0.0 %
GDP per head (EU = 100)
111.1
European Union 100.0
+11.1
Adjusted for price differences between countries: one hundred means “the EU average”. Without that adjustment, comparing a Bulgarian wage with a Danish one means nothing.
Government consumption, % of GDP
26.1 %
European Union 21.6 %
+4.5 %
What the state consumes itself — schools, hospitals, administration. Not its transfers, its investment or its debt: total public spending is far higher.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- Household consumption 276.0 bn €
- Government consumption 156.8 bn €
- Investment 149.9 bn €
- Change in inventories 2.2 bn €
- Exports 316.5 bn €
- Imports (subtracted) 301.2 bn €
- Wages and contributions 281.1 bn € 46,8 %
- Profits and mixed income 202.3 bn € 33,7 %
- Net taxes on products 117.0 bn € 19,5 %
Budget
What the state spends, on which functions, through which level of government.
Government spending, % of GDP
50.5 %
European Union 48.9 %
+1.6 %
Government spending, in euros
282.2 bn €
This country European Union
- General public services 5.5 % 31.0 bn € 10,9 %
- Defence 2.0 % 11.0 bn € 4,0 %
- Public order and safety 1.6 % 8.9 bn € 3,2 %
- Economic affairs 4.8 % 27.0 bn € 9,5 %
- Environment 0.5 % 3.1 bn € 1,0 %
- Housing and amenities 0.8 % 4.4 bn € 1,6 %
- Health 7.4 % 41.4 bn € 14,7 %
- Recreation, culture and religion 1.4 % 7.8 bn € 2,8 %
- Education 7.3 % 40.6 bn € 14,5 %
- Social protection 19.1 % 107.0 bn € 37,9 %
- Police 0.8 % 4.5 bn € 50,0 %
- Civil protection 0.2 % 1.1 bn € 12,5 %
- Courts 0.3 % 1.5 bn € 18,7 %
- Prisons 0.3 % 1.7 bn € 18,7 %
- Research (order and safety) 0.0 % 0 m € 0,0 %
- Central government 31.4 % 175.7 bn € 49,8 %
- Local government 25.8 % 144.4 bn € 41,0 %
- Social security 5.8 % 32.4 bn € 9,2 %
- Wages and contributions 12.7 % 71.2 bn € 27,5 %
- Goods and services bought 8.2 % 46.0 bn € 17,7 %
- Social benefits 15.1 % 84.6 bn € 32,7 %
- Subsidies 1.2 % 6.8 bn € 2,6 %
- Property income 0.9 % 5.1 bn € 1,9 %
- Investment 5.6 % 31.5 bn € 12,1 %
- Other transfers 2.5 % 14.3 bn € 5,4 %
Revenue
What the state levies, on what, and who collects it.
Total tax burden, % of GDP
41.8 %
European Union 2024
40.3 %
+1.9 %
Taxes and social contributions together, including the share that goes to the Union.
Taxes, in euros
248.1 bn €
VAT, % of GDP
8.8 %
European Union 2024
7.1 %
+1.6 %
Income taxes, % of GDP
17.0 %
European Union 2024
12.8 %
+4.3 %
Social contributions, % of GDP
3.4 %
European Union 2024
14.0 %
−10.3 %
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
- VAT 8.8 % 52.4 bn € 21,2 %
- Other taxes on products 1.8 % 10.9 bn € 4,3 %
- Other taxes on production 10.2 % 60.8 bn € 24,6 %
- Income taxes 17.0 % 101.1 bn € 41,0 %
- Other current taxes 0.3 % 1.8 bn € 0,7 %
- Social contributions 3.4 % 20.3 bn € 8,2 %
- Central government 27.3 % 162.3 bn € 65,5 %
- Local government 11.6 % 69.1 bn € 27,8 %
- Social security 2.7 % 15.9 bn € 6,5 %
- European Union 0.1 % 818 m € 0,2 %
Justice
Prisoners, prison places, judicial staff and homicides.
Prisoners per 100,000 people
106.5
The number of people held, including those awaiting trial. A country that judges slowly locks up more people who have not been convicted.
People held in prison
11,235
Police officers per 100,000 people
226.0
Prison staff per 100,000 people
92.6
Judges per 100,000 people
9.0
Homicides per 100,000 people
0.9
- Nationals 8,838 78,7 %
- Foreigners 2,397 21,3 %
Read alongside the share of foreigners in the population, which varies widely, and the fact that a non-resident is more often held on remand for want of guarantees of appearance.
- Men 10,351 92,1 %
- Women 884 7,9 %
Society
Population, employment, prices, poverty and inequality.
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union
This country European Union