1602 Institución Edad Moderna Países Bajos
First joint-stock company
The East India Company and the Amsterdam Exchange invent financial capitalism.
Una historia común
La construcción europea no empezó en 1950. Este hilo une la herencia antigua, la matriz judeocristiana y la Unión contemporánea.
326
acontecimientos
3600 a. C.
primer hito
46
países representados
0
ya debatidos
Densidad de acontecimientos
Un siglo por barra antes de 1500 y una década después: los archivos no se reparten por igual.
1600 :
2 acontecimientos
1620 :
1 acontecimiento
1630 :
3 acontecimientos
1640 :
2 acontecimientos
1670 :
1 acontecimiento
1680 :
3 acontecimientos
1710 :
2 acontecimientos
1730 :
1 acontecimiento
1750 :
1 acontecimiento
1760 :
1 acontecimiento
1780 :
1 acontecimiento
1790 :
1 acontecimiento
1800 :
3 acontecimientos
1810 :
5 acontecimientos
1830 :
3 acontecimientos
1840 :
5 acontecimientos
1850 :
1 acontecimiento
1860 :
7 acontecimientos
1870 :
6 acontecimientos
1900 :
4 acontecimientos
1910 :
9 acontecimientos
1920 :
1 acontecimiento
Grecia antigua
Alta Edad Media
Renacimiento
Ilustración
Concierto europeo
Construcción europea
Roma
Plena y Baja Edad Media
Reforma y guerras de religión
Era de las revoluciones
Guerras mundiales
Guerra Fría
1600
1764
1929
63 acontecimientos
1600 1699
Reforma y guerras de religión 12 acontecimientos1607 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Andorra Francia
Co-principality confirmed
Henry IV rules that the king of France, later the head of state, will be co-prince.
1620 Guerra Edad Moderna Chequia
Battle of White Mountain
Protestant defeat opens three centuries of Habsburg domination over Bohemia.
1631 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna San Marino
Papal recognition
The Holy See formally recognises the republic’s independence.
1632 Institución Edad Moderna Estonia
University of Tartu
Gustavus Adolphus founds the university that will train the Baltic’s scholarly elite.
1632 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Suecia
Gustavus Adolphus at Lützen
Death of the “Lion of the North”, who had made Sweden the dominant Baltic power.
1648 Tratado Edad Moderna Alemania
Peace of Westphalia
The end of the Thirty Years’ War enshrines state sovereignty and invents modern European diplomacy.
1648 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Países Bajos
Independence of the Netherlands recognised
The Peace of Münster confirms the United Provinces as a fully fledged European power.
1670 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Países Bajos
Spinoza and tolerance
The Theological-Political Treatise founds historical criticism of the Bible and argues for freedom of thought.
1683 Guerra Edad Moderna Austria
Siege of Vienna
The Christian coalition breaks the Ottoman offensive: the ebb begins in Central Europe.
1685 Texto Edad Moderna Letonia
Bible in Latvian
Ernst Glück’s translation fixes the written language and spreads reading through the parishes.
1688 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Reino Unido
Glorious Revolution
The Bill of Rights subjects the crown to Parliament: the matrix of parliamentary government.
1700 1799
Ilustración 7 acontecimientos1710 Texto Edad Moderna Ucrania
Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk
The Cossack text separates powers and limits the hetman: one of Europe’s oldest.
1719 Institución Edad Moderna Liechtenstein
Creation of the principality
Emperor Charles VI raises the two lordships into an imperial principality.
1739 Texto Edad Moderna Estonia
Bible in Estonian
The complete translation fixes the literary language and accelerates rural literacy.
1755 Catástrofe Edad Moderna Portugal
Lisbon earthquake
The disaster inspires Voltaire and Kant: the problem of evil becomes central to the Enlightenment.
1766 Texto Edad Moderna Suecia
First freedom of the press act
Sweden adopts the world’s first law guaranteeing public access to official documents.
1789 Texto Edad Moderna Francia
Declaration of the Rights of Man
The Assembly proclaims universal rights. The political vocabulary of contemporary Europe flows directly from it.
1791 Texto Edad Moderna Polonia
Constitution of 3 May
Europe’s first written constitution, adopted shortly before the country’s third partition.
1800 1824
Era de las revoluciones 8 acontecimientos1804 Texto Edad Moderna Francia
Civil Code
Napoleon commissions a synthesis of Roman and customary law, exported from Spain to Poland.
1806 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Liechtenstein
Sovereignty acquired
The dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire leaves Liechtenstein fully sovereign.
1809 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Finlandia
Autonomous grand duchy
Attached to Russia, Finland keeps its Swedish laws and develops its institutions.
1812 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Moldavia
Annexation of Bessarabia
Russia takes the eastern half of the principality at the Treaty of Bucharest.
1814 Texto Edad Moderna Noruega
Eidsvoll Constitution
On 17 May Norway adopts one of the most liberal constitutions of its time.
1814 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Suecia
Beginning of neutrality
Sweden’s last war. Two centuries of non-alignment begin.
1815 Tratado Edad Moderna Austria
Congress of Vienna
Metternich reorganises post-Napoleonic Europe: the continent’s first collective security system.
1815 Institución Edad Moderna Luxemburgo Países Bajos
Creation of the Grand Duchy
The Congress of Vienna makes Luxembourg a sovereign state in personal union with the Netherlands.
1825 1849
Concierto europeo 8 acontecimientos1830 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Grecia
Greek independence
Backed by European philhellenism, Greece becomes a state again after four Ottoman centuries.
1830 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Bélgica
Belgian independence
The Brussels revolution creates a constitutional kingdom, neutral and guaranteed by the powers.
1835 Texto Edad Moderna Finlandia
Publication of the Kalevala
Lönnrot compiles the national epic, the foundation of the Finnish cultural awakening.
1843 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Eslovaquia
Codification of Slovak
Ľudovít Štúr fixes the literary standard, a precondition of modern nationhood.
1845 Catástrofe Edad Moderna Irlanda
The Great Famine
A million dead, two million exiled: the island’s population has never recovered.
1848 Texto Edad Moderna Suiza
Federal Constitution
After a brief civil war, Switzerland becomes a federal state with direct democracy.
1848 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Eslovenia
United Slovenia programme
The springtime of peoples sees the first national political claim formulated.
1849 Texto Edad Moderna Dinamarca
Liberal constitution
Absolutism ends; Denmark becomes a constitutional monarchy.
1850 1874
Concierto europeo 10 acontecimientos1859 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Rumanía
Union of the principalities
Cuza is elected in both Iași and Bucharest: modern Romania appears on the map.
1861 Tratado Edad Moderna Mónaco
Franco-Monegasque treaty
Monaco cedes Menton and Roquebrune and sees its independence recognised.
1861 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Italia
Italian unification
The Risorgimento produces the Kingdom of Italy; Rome joins in 1870, ending the Papal States.
1863 Institución Edad Moderna Suiza
Founding of the Red Cross
Henry Dunant creates in Geneva the institution that will give birth to humanitarian law.
1863 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Mónaco
Monte-Carlo Casino
The Société des bains de mer turns a poor rock into a European destination.
1864 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Lituania
Ban on the Lithuanian press
Forty years of book smuggling keep the language alive.
1867 Tratado Edad Moderna Hungría
Austro-Hungarian Compromise
Budapest becomes the second capital of an empire of fifty million people.
1867 Tratado Edad Moderna Luxemburgo
Treaty of London
The fortress is dismantled and the country’s neutrality guaranteed by the powers.
1871 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Alemania
Proclamation of the German Empire
At Versailles, Bismarck completes unification. A first-rank industrial power arises at the centre of the continent.
1873 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Letonia
First song festival
Dozens of choirs gather in Riga: song becomes the nation’s political expression.
1875 1899
Concierto europeo 4 acontecimientos1878 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Montenegro
Independence of Montenegro recognised
The Congress of Berlin confirms a state the Ottomans had never fully subdued.
1878 Tratado Edad Moderna Bulgaria
Treaty of Berlin
An autonomous Bulgarian principality is reborn after the Russo-Turkish war.
1878 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Serbia
Independence of Serbia recognised
The Congress of Berlin confirms Serbian sovereignty after four Ottoman centuries.
1878 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Bosnia y Herzegovina
Austro-Hungarian administration
The Congress of Berlin entrusts Bosnia to Vienna, which annexes it in 1908.
1900 1924
Concierto europeo 14 acontecimientos1900 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Austria
Vienna 1900
Freud, Klimt, Mahler, Wittgenstein: the capital becomes the laboratory of European modernity.
1903 Guerra Edad Moderna Macedonia del Norte
Ilinden Uprising
The revolt against the Ottomans becomes the founding reference of the Macedonian state.
1905 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Noruega Suecia
Independence of Norway
The union with Sweden is peacefully dissolved after a massive referendum.
1906 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Finlandia
Universal suffrage
Finland is the first country in Europe to grant women both the vote and eligibility for office.
1910 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Portugal
Proclamation of the Republic in Portugal
The monarchy falls; the instability that follows will open the way to the Estado Novo.
1912 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Albania
Independence of Albania
Proclaimed at Vlora on 28 November, at the end of the Balkan wars.
1918 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Chequia
Birth of Czechoslovakia
Masaryk founds a parliamentary democracy that will remain unique in Central Europe.
1918 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Rumanía
Greater Romania
Union with Transylvania and Bessarabia doubles the territory and population.
1918 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Letonia
Proclamation of independence
On 18 November the Republic of Latvia is proclaimed in Riga.
1918 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Estonia
Independence of Estonia
Proclaimed on 24 February, it is successfully defended in the war of liberation.
1918 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Montenegro
End of the kingdom
Montenegro is absorbed into the kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
1918 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Moldavia Rumanía
Union with Romania
The Sfatul Țării votes for union, annulled by the USSR in 1940.
1918 Acontecimiento Edad Moderna Eslovenia
Entry into Yugoslavia
The fall of Austria-Hungary brings Slovenia into the kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
1920 Tratado Edad Moderna Hungría
Treaty of Trianon
Hungary loses two-thirds of its territory; three million Magyars become minorities.