1000 Figura Cristianización Hungría
Coronation of Stephen I
Pope Sylvester II sends a crown: Hungary enters Latin Christendom.
Una historia común
La construcción europea no empezó en 1950. Este hilo une la herencia antigua, la matriz judeocristiana y la Unión contemporánea.
326
acontecimientos
3600 a. C.
primer hito
46
países representados
0
ya debatidos
Densidad de acontecimientos
Un siglo por barra antes de 1500 y una década después: los archivos no se reparten por igual.
1000 :
8 acontecimientos
1100 :
4 acontecimientos
1200 :
16 acontecimientos
1300 :
15 acontecimientos
1400 :
7 acontecimientos
Grecia antigua
Alta Edad Media
Renacimiento
Ilustración
Concierto europeo
Construcción europea
Roma
Plena y Baja Edad Media
Reforma y guerras de religión
Era de las revoluciones
Guerras mundiales
Guerra Fría
1000
1249
1499
50 acontecimientos
1000 1099
Plena y Baja Edad Media 8 acontecimientos1000 Religión Cristianización Islandia
Christianisation by vote
The assembly collectively decides to adopt Christianity to preserve civil peace.
1000 Religión Cristianización Suecia
Christianisation of Sweden
The baptism of Olof Skötkonung anchors the kingdom to Latin Christendom and to writing.
1016 Acontecimiento Edad Media Dinamarca
Empire of Cnut the Great
The Danish king rules England, Norway and Denmark: a North Sea empire.
1030 Guerra Cristianización Noruega
Battle of Stiklestad
The death of Olaf II makes him a saint: the kingdom’s Christianisation is completed.
1066 Guerra Edad Media Reino Unido
Norman Conquest
William imposes a French-speaking aristocracy; English absorbs thousands of Latin words.
1085 Institución Edad Media España
Capture of Toledo and school of translators
The reconquered city becomes the workshop where the West recovers Greek science via Arabic and Hebrew.
1088 Institución Edad Media Italia
University of Bologna
Europe’s oldest university is born around the study of the Digest: Roman law becomes a living science again.
1100 1199
Plena y Baja Edad Media 4 acontecimientos1102 Acontecimiento Edad Media Croacia Hungría
Union with Hungary
An eight-century personal union, Croatia keeping its diet and its ban.
1143 Acontecimiento Edad Media Portugal
Independence of Portugal
The Treaty of Zamora recognises Afonso Henriques as king. Today’s borders begin to take shape.
1163 Acontecimiento Edad Media Francia
Notre-Dame and the Gothic surge
From Saint-Denis to Chartres, Gothic architecture turns light into theology and spreads across Europe.
1191 Acontecimiento Edad Media Chipre
Lusignan kingdom
After the crusade, a Frankish dynasty rules the island for three centuries.
1200 1299
Plena y Baja Edad Media 16 acontecimientos1201 Institución Cristianización Letonia
Foundation of Riga
Bishop Albert establishes a mission city that will become the metropolis of the eastern Baltic.
1215 Acontecimiento Edad Media Reino Unido
Magna Carta
The barons impose written limits on King John: the first milestone of constitutionalism.
1219 Religión Cristianización Serbia
Autocephalous Serbian Church
Saint Sava obtains Serbian ecclesiastical independence from Nicaea, a bedrock of national identity.
1219 Institución Cristianización Estonia
Foundation of Tallinn
The Danish crusade establishes a fortress; the town will join the Hanse.
1220 Acontecimiento Edad Media Islandia
The age of the sagas
Snorri Sturluson and his contemporaries commit Norse mythology and settler history to writing.
1222 Acontecimiento Edad Media Hungría
Golden Bull
Seven years after Magna Carta, the Hungarian nobility obtains written guarantees against royal arbitrariness.
1240 Guerra Edad Media Ucrania
Sack of Kyiv
The Mongol invasion destroys the capital and disperses the political legacy of Rus’.
1243 Acontecimiento Edad Media San Marino
First captains-regent
Two heads of state elected for six months: the system still operates today.
1253 Figura Edad Media Lituania
Coronation of Mindaugas
Lithuania’s only king is crowned with papal approval; the state enters the European concert.
1262 Tratado Edad Media Islandia Noruega
Old Covenant
Iceland recognises the sovereignty of the king of Norway; the free state ends.
1278 Acontecimiento Edad Media Andorra
First paréage
The feudal act sharing sovereignty is still the country’s constitutional basis.
1278 Acontecimiento Edad Media Austria
Rise of the Habsburgs
Rudolf’s victory on the Marchfeld opens six centuries of dynastic rule.
1282 Acontecimiento Edad Media Letonia
Riga joins the Hanse
Trade in timber, flax and grain links Livonia to Lübeck, Bruges and Novgorod.
1290 Institución Edad Media Portugal
University of Coimbra
Founded by King Dinis, it transmits canon and Roman law to the whole Lusophone world.
1291 Tratado Edad Media Suiza
Federal Charter
Three Alpine valleys swear mutual assistance: the founding act of the Confederation.
1297 Acontecimiento Edad Media Mónaco
Capture of the rock
Francesco Grimaldi seizes the fortress; the dynasty has reigned ever since.
1300 1399
Plena y Baja Edad Media 15 acontecimientos1302 Guerra Edad Media Bélgica
Battle of the Golden Spurs
Flemish communal militias crush the French chivalry: an assertion of urban power.
1346 Acontecimiento Edad Media Kosovo
Patriarchate of Peć
The seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church is established in Kosovo, spiritual heart of the kingdom.
1348 Institución Edad Media Chequia
Charles University
Charles IV founds Central Europe’s first university and makes Prague the capital of the Holy Roman Empire.
1349 Acontecimiento Edad Media Serbia
Dušan’s Code
The emperor promulgates a code inspired by Byzantine law, among Europe’s oldest.
1354 Acontecimiento Edad Media Luxemburgo
Elevation to duchy
Charles IV raises his native county to a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire.
1358 Acontecimiento Edad Media Croacia
Republic of Ragusa
Dubrovnik becomes an independent merchant republic and a diplomatic model.
1359 Acontecimiento Edad Media Rumanía
Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia
Two Orthodox, Romance-speaking states take shape between the Carpathians, Danube and Dniester.
1364 Institución Edad Media Polonia
University of Kraków
Casimir the Great founds one of Central Europe’s oldest universities; Copernicus will study there.
1377 Acontecimiento Edad Media Bosnia y Herzegovina
Kingdom of Bosnia
Tvrtko I is crowned king; the country reaches its medieval zenith.
1387 Religión Cristianización Lituania
Christianisation of Lithuania
The last country in Europe to convert, Lithuania seals its union with Poland.
1389 Guerra Edad Media Serbia
Battle of Kosovo
Defeat by the Ottomans becomes the founding narrative of Serbian memory.
1389 Guerra Edad Media Kosovo
Battle of Kosovo
The clash becomes a contested site of memory between Serbian and Albanian narratives.
1396 Guerra Edad Media Bulgaria
Ottoman conquest of Bulgaria
The fall of Vidin completes the conquest; five centuries of domination begin.
1397 Tratado Edad Media Dinamarca
Kalmar Union
The three Scandinavian kingdoms are united under a single crown for more than a century.
1397 Tratado Edad Media Noruega
Kalmar Union
Norway enters a Scandinavian union dominated by Denmark for four centuries.
1400 1499
Renacimiento 7 acontecimientos1400 – 1550 Acontecimiento Renacimiento y Reformas Italia
The Florentine Renaissance
Brunelleschi, Alberti, Michelangelo: antiquity becomes again an aesthetic norm and an intellectual programme.
1410 Guerra Edad Media Lituania
Battle of Grunwald
Poles and Lithuanians break the Teutonic Order and redraw the Baltic.
1415 Acontecimiento Edad Media Chequia
Jan Hus burned at the stake
Condemned at Constance, the Czech reformer becomes a national martyr and a forerunner of Luther.
1432 Acontecimiento Renacimiento y Reformas Bélgica
The Ghent Altarpiece
In Ghent Van Eyck completes the altarpiece that inaugurates oil painting and the Northern Renaissance.
1443 Guerra Edad Media Albania
Skanderbeg’s revolt
Twenty-five years of resistance to the Ottomans make him a hero of Christendom.
1453 Acontecimiento Edad Media Grecia
Fall of Constantinople
Byzantine scholars flee to Italy with their manuscripts, feeding the Renaissance directly.
1453 Acontecimiento Edad Media Turquía
Capture of Constantinople
Mehmed II ends the Eastern Roman Empire; Europe’s commercial and intellectual horizon shifts.