Una historia común

1400 – 1550 Acontecimiento Renacimiento y Reformas Italia

The Florentine Renaissance

Brunelleschi, Alberti, Michelangelo: antiquity becomes again an aesthetic norm and an intellectual programme.

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1432 Acontecimiento Renacimiento y Reformas Bélgica

The Ghent Altarpiece

In Ghent Van Eyck completes the altarpiece that inaugurates oil painting and the Northern Renaissance.

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1492 Acontecimiento Renacimiento y Reformas España

1492

The fall of Granada, the decree expelling the Jews, Columbus’s departure: three ruptures in a single year.

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1498 Descubrimiento Renacimiento y Reformas Portugal

Vasco da Gama reaches India

The sea route to the spices opens; Europe’s economy shifts from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic.

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1499 Guerra Renacimiento y Reformas Suiza

Swabian War

The Confederation becomes de facto free of the Holy Roman Empire, formally recognised in 1648.

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1506 Acontecimiento Renacimiento y Reformas Ciudad del Vaticano

Building of St Peter’s

Bramante, Michelangelo then Bernini build the largest Christian edifice in the world.

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1516 Acontecimiento Renacimiento y Reformas Montenegro

Ecclesiastical principality

Power passes to the metropolitans of Cetinje: an Orthodox theocracy unique in Europe.

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1516 Texto Renacimiento y Reformas Países Bajos

Erasmus edits the Greek New Testament

The return to biblical sources opens the way to the Reformation and to modern textual criticism.

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1517 Texto Renacimiento y Reformas Alemania

Luther’s 95 Theses

At Wittenberg, Luther challenges indulgences. His German Bible founds the modern language and fractures Western Christendom.

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1517 Texto Renacimiento y Reformas Bielorrusia

Skaryna’s Bible

The first book printed in Ruthenian appears in Prague, a year after Erasmus.

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1523 Acontecimiento Renacimiento y Reformas Suecia

Gustav Vasa

Break with Denmark and with Rome: the birth of the modern Lutheran Swedish state.

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1526 Acontecimiento Renacimiento y Reformas Hungría

Disaster of Mohács

The Hungarian army is annihilated by Suleiman. The kingdom is partitioned for 150 years.

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1534 Acontecimiento Renacimiento y Reformas Reino Unido

Act of Supremacy

Henry VIII breaks with Rome and declares himself head of the Church of England.

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1536 Religión Renacimiento y Reformas Dinamarca

Lutheran Reformation

The Church becomes a state Church; universal religious instruction prepares national literacy.

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1536 Acontecimiento Renacimiento y Reformas Suiza

Calvin in Geneva

The Institutes of the Christian Religion make Geneva a centre of the European Reformation.

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1536 Acontecimiento Renacimiento y Reformas Eslovaquia

Pressburg, capital of Hungary

After Mohács, Bratislava becomes capital and coronation city of the Hungarian kingdom.

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1539 Institución Renacimiento y Reformas España

School of Salamanca

Francisco de Vitoria founds modern international law by questioning the legitimacy of conquest.

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1539 Texto Renacimiento y Reformas Francia

Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts

Francis I imposes French in public acts: the vernacular supplants Latin in administration.

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1548 Texto Renacimiento y Reformas Finlandia

The New Testament in Finnish

Mikael Agricola creates written Finnish so that Scripture is accessible to all.

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1550 Acontecimiento Renacimiento y Reformas Eslovenia

First books in Slovene

Primož Trubar publishes a catechism and a primer: the birth of the written language.

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1565 Guerra Renacimiento y Reformas Malta

The Great Siege

The Order of Saint John repels the Ottoman army; all Europe follows the siege.

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1566 Acontecimiento Renacimiento y Reformas Bosnia y Herzegovina

Old Bridge of Mostar

The architect Mimar Hayruddin completes a work that became the symbol of Bosnian intermixing.

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1569 Tratado Renacimiento y Reformas Polonia · Lituania

Union of Lublin

Poland and Lithuania form a joint Commonwealth: elective monarchy and a powerful parliament.

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1571 Guerra Renacimiento y Reformas Chipre

Ottoman conquest of Cyprus

The fall of Famagusta shortly precedes Lepanto; a Turkish-speaking community settles.

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1573 Acontecimiento Renacimiento y Reformas Polonia

Warsaw Confederation

The nobility guarantees religious peace while Europe sinks into wars of religion.

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1579 Institución Renacimiento y Reformas Lituania

University of Vilnius

A Jesuit foundation, it becomes the intellectual hearth of the grand duchy.

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1581 Acontecimiento Renacimiento y Reformas Países Bajos

Act of Abjuration

The United Provinces depose their sovereign: one of the first texts asserting that power serves the people.

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1588 Tratado Renacimiento y Reformas Bielorrusia

Statute of Lithuania

A code in the Ruthenian language, among the most advanced in Europe of its time.

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1600 Tratado Renacimiento y Reformas Rumanía

Union under Michael the Brave

A brief union of the three principalities, later the founding symbol of Romanian unity.

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