Austria

Republic of Austria

The heart of a multinational empire for six centuries, Austria made Vienna the laboratory of European modernity — and its frontier with the East.

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Eredità

Carnuntum and Vindobona guarded the Danube limes; Marcus Aurelius is said to have written his Meditations there. Austrian Baroque is the architectural language of the triumphant Counter-Reformation. Around 1900 Vienna brought together Freud, Mahler, Wittgenstein, Klimt and Herzl: an intellectual concentration without equal, largely carried by its Jewish bourgeoisie.

Storia

An eastern march of the Carolingian Empire — the Ostarrîchi mentioned in 996 — Austria passed to the Habsburgs in 1278. Through marriages more than conquests, the dynasty assembled a bloc that for a time stretched from Spain to Hungary.

The siege of Vienna in 1683, broken by the Christian coalition and Polish cavalry, marked the Ottoman ebb in Europe. The Congress of Vienna in 1815 organised the European order there for a century.

The collapse of 1918 reduced the empire to a small German-speaking republic, annexed by the Reich in 1938. Occupied and then neutralised by the State Treaty of 1955, Austria joined the Union in 1995 while keeping its military neutrality. Vienna today hosts the IAEA, the OSCE and UNIDO.

Tappe

996 Medioevo

First mention of Ostarrîchi

An imperial charter names for the first time the “eastern realm”, origin of the name Österreich.

1278 Medioevo

Rise of the Habsburgs

Rudolf’s victory on the Marchfeld opens six centuries of dynastic rule.

1683 Età moderna

Siege of Vienna

The Christian coalition breaks the Ottoman offensive: the ebb begins in Central Europe.

1815 Età moderna

Congress of Vienna

Metternich reorganises post-Napoleonic Europe: the continent’s first collective security system.

1900 Età moderna

Vienna 1900

Freud, Klimt, Mahler, Wittgenstein: the capital becomes the laboratory of European modernity.

1955 Età contemporanea

Austrian State Treaty

The four powers withdraw; Austria proclaims perpetual neutrality.

1995 Costruzione europea

Accession of Austria to the Union

Austria joins the EU by referendum and becomes a pivot towards Central Europe.

1995 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

Nordic enlargement

Austria, Finland and Sweden bring the Union to fifteen members.

1999 Costruzione europea vi ha preso parte

Birth of the euro

Eleven currencies are irrevocably fixed; the European Central Bank takes up its functions.

2004 Costruzione europea ne è stato toccato

The big bang enlargement

Ten states, eight of them formerly communist, join the Union: the continent’s division ends.

Paesaggio politico

Risultati delle europee di giugno 2024 e loro traduzione in gruppi del Parlamento europeo.

FPÖ — Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs 6
ÖVP — Österreichische Volkspartei 5
SPÖ — Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs 5
Grüne — Die Grünen — Die Grüne Alternative 2
NEOS — NEOS — Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum 2

Ripartizione dei seggi europei

Gruppo Patrioti per l'Europa 6
Gruppo del Partito Popolare Europeo (Democratico Cristiano) 5
Gruppo dell'Alleanza Progressista di Socialisti e Democratici al Parlamento europeo 5
Gruppo dei Verdi/Alleanza libera europea 2
Gruppo Renew Europe 2

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Lo Stato in cifre

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Debito pubblico, in % del PIL 83,6 % 0,9 % PIL per abitante (UE = 100) 118,3 1,4 Spesa pubblica, in % del PIL 55,2 % 3,0 % Pressione fiscale, in % del PIL 43,9 % 0,6 % Detenuti ogni 100 000 abitanti 105,4 5,6